醫(yī)學(xué)英語-授課教案:unit 3

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教研室：醫(yī)學(xué)英語教研室  教師名稱：

Unit 3 History of Medicine

Part IIntroductory remarks

First , look at a  poem. (Page 79 )

“Doctor, I have an ear ache.”

2000 B.C. – “Here , eat this root.”

1000 B.C. - "That root is heathen, say this prayer." 
1850 A.D. - "That prayer is superstition, drink this potion." 
1940 A.D. - "That potion is snake oil, swallow this pill." 
1985 A.D. - "That pill is ineffective, take this antibiotic." 
2000 A.D. - "That antibiotic is artificial. Here, eat this root!"  

Questions: What have you got from the poem ?

Teacher’s words:gydjdsj.org.cn/yishi/The poem humorously tells about the history of medicine. Talking of  history of medicine, people usually meanwestern medicine. And what you are learning are mainly western medicine. But inmy opinion, and also from this poem, we can see that Chinese medicine reallycontributes a lot to the development of medicine. Therefore, when learninghistory of medicine, you’d better learn about not only history of westernmedicine , but also that of traditional Chinese medicine. After we have learnedthis unit “History of Medicine” , I hope that you’d try to look for moreinformation about traditional Chinese medicine.

Part IIInformation related to the text

1. the Black Death : theillness that killed large numbers of people in Europe and Asia in the 14thcentury .A form of bubonic plague, caused by the bacillus Yersinia  (or   Pasturella )  pestis,  that was pandemic throughout Europe andmuch of Asia in the 14th century. 黑死病（源自患病者的黑斑點(diǎn))：淋巴腺鼠疫的一種形式，由桿菌耶爾森氏菌 （或Pasturella  )瘟疫 引起，14世紀(jì)在歐洲和亞洲大部分大面積傳染 Whenhistorians refer to "The Black Death," they mean the specificoutbreak of plague that took place in Europe in the mid-14th c執(zhí)業(yè)藥師entury. The BlackDeath came to Europe in October of 1347, spread swiftly through most of Europeby the end of 1349 and on to Scandinavia and Russia in the 1350s. Itreturned several times throughout the rest of the century.

Traditionally,the disease that most scholars believe struck Europewas "Plague." Best known as bubonic (腹股溝腺炎)plague for the "buboes" (lumps) that formed on the victims" bodies,Plague also took pneumonic and septicemic（敗血癥)forms.

2. . dengue fever: An acute,infectious tropical disease caused by an arbovirus (蚊蟲等節(jié)肢動(dòng)物病毒)  transmitted by mosquitoes, and characterizedby high fever, rash（皮疹), headache, and severe muscle and joint pain. Alsocalled breakbone fever, dandy fever, dengue fever  登革熱：因由蚊蟲傳播的登革熱病毒引起的一種急性傳染性的熱帶疾病，其典型癥狀是發(fā)高燒、急躁、頭痛以及劇烈的肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)疼痛。

Part III .Keywords

delicate

1) pleasingto the senses, especially in a subtle way ; exquisitely fine精美的;雅致的：

---a delicate flavor;  精美的口味

---delicatechina.精美的瓷器

2) frailin constitution or health體弱的，羸弱的

3)requiringtactful treatment:微妙的，棘手的：

---adelicate situation.微妙的局勢(shì)

4) ine orsoft in touch or skill:細(xì)膩的：觸摸或技巧柔和的：

--- asurgeon"s delicate touch.外科醫(yī)生輕柔的觸摸

laydown

1) togive up and surrender放棄并投降：

--- laiddown their arms.繳械投降

2) tospecify:規(guī)定：

---laiddown the rules制定法規(guī)

3) Tostore for the future.儲(chǔ)備：為將來儲(chǔ)備

pharmacopoeia

   pharmaco-構(gòu)詞成分 ：藥，藥學(xué)

   pharmacodiagnosis 藥物診斷  pharmacologist  藥理學(xué)家 

pharmacotherapeutics 藥物治療學(xué) pharmacotherapy 藥物療法

phar: abbr 藥學(xué)（全pharmacy ), 藥的 （全 pharmaceutical)

Phar B 藥學(xué)學(xué)士      PharC  藥劑師    

Phar D藥學(xué)博士  PharG 藥學(xué)畢業(yè)生  Phar M 藥學(xué)碩士

rhinoplasty鼻整形術(shù)

rhino- 鼻

rhinologist 鼻科學(xué)家rhinology 鼻科學(xué)

English rhinoplasty 英式鼻整形術(shù)（頰部皮瓣性鼻成形術(shù))

Indian rhinoplasty  印度式鼻整形術(shù)（額部皮瓣性鼻成形術(shù))

impetus 

1) an impelling force; 推動(dòng)力; 2) a stimulus激勵(lì)物；刺激物

3) increased activity in response to a stimulus動(dòng)力

--- The approaching deadline gave impetus to the investigation.即將到來的最后期限推動(dòng)了談判

比較 ：impede v. 阻止，妨礙

--- Storms at sea   impeded  our  progress.

Dissection

   dissect :

1)  to cut up the body of a dead animal orperson in order to study it

2)  to examine something carefully in orderto understand it:

---books in which the lives offamous people are dissected

3)  to divide an area of land into severalsmaller pieces:

--- fields dissected by smallstreams

dissection n.

revere比較severe

   revere : [transitive usuallypassive] torespect and admire someone or something very much

--- be revered as something

---He is revered as a nationalhero.

--- Most of us revere the Bible,but few of us read it regularly.

Severe: severe problems, injuries,illnesses etc are very bad or very serious:

---His injuries were quite severe.

---She"s suffering from severedepression.

----The US faces severe economic problems.

---The storm caused severe damage.

[擴(kuò)] severe pain

Severe penalties will be imposed for latepayment.

The organization hasbeen the subject of severe criticismfor the way ittreated its staff.

Culminate：vt.  vi.

  1)Toreach the highest point or degree; climax:達(dá)到高潮：到達(dá)最高點(diǎn)或程度

--- habitual antagonism thatculminated in open hostility.

在公開敵對(duì)中達(dá)到高潮的習(xí)慣性對(duì)抗

2)Tocome to completion; end:到達(dá)終點(diǎn)；告終：

--- Years of waiting culminated ina tearful reunion.多年的等待最終以含淚團(tuán)聚而結(jié)局

  3) To bring to the point of greatestintensity or to completion; climax:使到達(dá)高潮：

--- The ceremony culminated a longweek of preparation.

經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)一個(gè)星期的準(zhǔn)備，典禮終于開始了

Institute

   n. 學(xué)會(huì),學(xué)院, 協(xié)會(huì)  vt. 創(chuàng)立,開始, 制定,開始(調(diào)查),提起(訴訟)

   a cancer research institute. 癌癥研究學(xué)會(huì)

v. to introduce or start a system, rule,legal process

--- Marchand wants to institutereforms by the end of the year.

Immunize:to protect someone from a particular illness by giving them a vaccine [= vaccinate,inoculate]

immunize somebody against something

--- Thereis still no vaccine to immunize people against the virus.

—immunization  n.

immunology 免疫學(xué) immunity 免疫性immunologist 免疫學(xué)家

Disinfection

  disinfect: to clean something with achemical that destroys bacteria:

--- Firstuse some iodine (碘酒) to disinfect the wound.

--- Disinfectthe area thoroughly.

 dis- 分離，二

 disacidify  脫酸，去酸  disallergization脫敏    disaccharose二糖

obstetrical

obstetrics : the part of medical science thatdeals with the birth of children 產(chǎn)科學(xué)

obstetrician  產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師

Part IV  Difficult sentences

1. The Mosaic Code of the Hebrewsindicated concerns with social hygiene andprevention of disease by dietary restrictions and sanitary measures. (line14-15 )

希伯來人的摩西法典記載了人們通過節(jié)制飲食和采取保潔措施來關(guān)注社會(huì)衛(wèi)生和預(yù)防疾病。

2. In addition, accurate location ofthe proper points for the traditional Chinese practice of acupuncture impliessome familiarity with the nervous and vascular system.  (line 20-22)

另外，中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)針灸可以準(zhǔn)確地判斷行針位置，這表明了中國(guó)古人對(duì)神經(jīng)和血管系統(tǒng)有了一定了解。

3. With the destruction or neglect ofthe Roman sanitary facilities, there followed a series of local epidemics thatculminated many centuries later in the great plague of the 14^thcentury known as the Black Death.   （line 45-48 )

隨著羅馬衛(wèi)生設(shè)施毀壞或荒廢，地球上爆發(fā)了一系列的地方性瘟疫。這些瘟疫經(jīng)過許多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，與公元14世紀(jì)達(dá)到頂峰，形成了大瘟疫--- 黑死病。

4. Further progress has beencharacterized by ……and the role of vitamins in health.  (line 85-91)

20世紀(jì)的醫(yī)學(xué)取得來長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展，主要體現(xiàn)在：化學(xué)療法日益興起，特別是開始使用抗生素；人們深入的了解了免疫系統(tǒng)的機(jī)制（參見免疫學(xué))；開始大量接種預(yù)防疫苗；內(nèi)分泌的知識(shí)被運(yùn)用在治療由于荷爾蒙的失調(diào)而引起的疾病上，比如使用胰島素來治療糖尿病；人們更叫了解了營(yíng)養(yǎng)和維生素對(duì)人體健康的作用等。

PartV. Assignment

1. Let the students practice to read the text as fluently as possible anddo the exercises in the textbook.

2. Ss get three long sentences and try to analyze them by means of theskills they have learnt.

3. Let Ss hand in a summary of the text.