十二、疼痛 Pain
（1)當上樓梯時，突然痛了起來，并且持續(xù)不止。
The pain came on suddenly while walking up the stairs and it was persistent.
※疼痛的發(fā)生
-感覺疼痛 feel (have; suffer from) a pain; pain is felt in ; feel painful
-頭痛 have a headache; be troubled with a headache; feel a pain in one's head
-患劇烈頭痛 have a nasty (bad) headache
-時常頭痛 be subject (a martyr) to headaches
-有撞擊似的兩側(cè)性頭痛 have bilateral pounding headaches
-頭痛逐漸地變?yōu)轭l發(fā)( 較不嚴重) headaches gradually become more frequent (less severe)
ex1:咀嚼時，有偶發(fā)的、暫時的、不可言狀的疼痛或敏感。
There is occasional, transient, nondescript pain, or sensibility during mastication.
ex2:該齒對于壓迫作痛，且有鈍麻如咬的疼痛。
The tooth became sore to pressure and there is a dull gnawing pain.
※發(fā)生時間
ex1:Epigastric pain comes immediately after meal.
ex2:Colic pain came on and off since yesterday.
ex3:This pain has been relentlessly postprandial, regardless of the character of her meals.
ex4:The joint pains were present mainly at night, with relief during the day.
ex5:The mild frontal headaches were usually present upon awakening, but not severe enough to require analgesics.
ex6:The pain usually commenced within 30 minutes after meals and lasted 1 to 3 hours.
※發(fā)生原因
ex1:He described the pain as dull and aching, occurring approximately once a week, unrelated to food intake, and radiating to his back.
（2)起初疼痛無變化，但數(shù)小時時變成發(fā)作性的痛。
The pain initially was steady, but after several hours became episodic.
※疼痛的種類
-恒常（痛) constant
-間歇（痛) intermittent
-偶（痛) occasional
-急性（痛) acute
-鈍麻（痛)，悶（痛) dull
-搏動性的 throbbing
-抽搐（痛)tic
-抽（痛) twinge
-銳（痛)，急（痛) sharp
-刺（射)痛 stabbing ( shooting) pain
-鉆錐（痛) boring
-穿刺（痛) piercing
-竄（痛) darting
-被咬樣的（痛) gnawing
-似裂（痛) tearing (splitting)
-脹（痛) bursting
-刀割樣（痛) knife-like
-痙攣（痛) crampy
-拉（痛) dragging
-箍（痛) girdle-like ( constricting)
-痛得打滾 writhing
-極痛的 excruciating
-切割的（痛) lancinating
-絞性痛 colic (colicky pain)
-劇痛 severe ( pungent; intense)
-感應(yīng)痛 referred pain
-墜痛 bearing-down pain醫(yī)學全在.線提供
-發(fā)生遍身的酸痛 develop diffuse body aching
-有劇烈的骨盤痛 have exquisite pelvic pain
-牙痛頻發(fā) continual bouts of toothache
-一陣陣劇烈的牙痛 the pangs of a toothache
-帶有胸膜炎性狀的右胸痛 right-sided pain of a pleuritic character
-發(fā)生陣痛性的疼痛 have labor-like pains
ex1:這痛是持續(xù)不變的，若刺的劇痛。
The pain was steady, sharp and boring in nature ( character).
ex2:該痛和她以前訴過的疼痛一樣。
The pain was identical with what she had complained of.
※疼痛再發(fā)
-pain reappears ( relapses); pain breaks out again; a return of the pain
ex1:左乳房下的疼痛時時再發(fā)，而不是持續(xù)性的。
The pain under the left breast recurred at intervals but was not constant.
ex2:疼痛很少在他晚餐后再發(fā)，同時喝牛奶或服用抑酸劑，對于疼痛并無影響。
The pain rarely returned after his evening meal and it was not affected when he ingested milk or antacid.
（3)有時疼痛放射到右下肢后側(cè)，一直到腳部。
At times pain radiates down the back of the right lower extremity to the foot.
※疼痛放射
-pain radiates ( travels) to ~; pain radiating from ~ to ~; radiation of the pain to ~
ex1:疼痛放射到腰部周圍，躺下時緩和些，站立時加劇。
The pain radiated around toward the groin, relieved by lying down and aggravated
while standing.
ex2:住院那天，他感到疼痛加劇，并且放射到右肩胛和肩部。
On the day of admission he experienced increasingly severe pain with radiation to the right scapular area and shoulders.
（4)這疼痛局限于正中線，因吃力的勞動而加劇。
The pain was confined to the midline and was aggravated by heavy labor.
※疼痛部位醫(yī)學全在線www.med126.com
-疼痛存在于 the pain is limited to; the pain is located ( localized; situated) in (or
over) ; there is localized pain in ~
-遍在痛 generalized ( general; extensive; unlocalized) pain
ex1:起初，疼痛遍及整個腹部，后來它局限于右上象限。
At first the pain was generalized in the ( whole) abdomen; but it subsequently
localized to the R.U.Q.
ex2:起于右下腹部的疼痛，不久便局限于左上腹部。
The pain, which began ( originated) in the R.L.Q., soon became localized in the L.U.Q.
※疼痛減輕
-疼痛減輕 pain is relieved by , relieve ( ease, allay, alleviate, assuage, abate, soothe) the pain, pains decrease ( grow less, go down , fall off)
-疼痛減輕了 the pain became lighter
-疼痛的嚴重度減少 the severity of the pain waned
-疼痛未停止 the pain did no ease
ex1:疼痛和腹瀉都減輕，但自從那時起，他就感覺疲倦和衰弱。
The pain and diarrhea abated, but he felt tired and weak since then.
ex2:胸部痛有時因改變體位而減輕，但只是暫時而已。
The chest pain is sometimes relieved by a change of position, but only temporarily.
※疼痛加劇
ex1:雖然沒有肋膜帶性狀，但這痛因深吸氣而顯著加劇。
The pain was markedly accentuated by deep inspiration, although it was not pleuritic in nature.
ex2:當他在晚上作偏右側(cè)睡時，疼痛最厲害。
The pain is most severe at night when he lies on his right side.
