河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)教案首頁(yè)

教研室：醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)教研室 教師名稱：

Unit Four

Notes to the Class-First Day

-by Katharine Treadway, M.D.

Part one: Introduction

1.Forewords

How to be a doctor, how to be a good doctor, how to be a nobledoctor? Maybe we have clear idea of it. In this text, the author tries to tellus what really counts besides the knowledge of medicine in the practice for adoctor.

2.Main contents

In the presenttext, the author, through a moving story, gives us a vivid description of amedical case, which has some significance for us. When the author was athird-year medical student dong his pediatric rotation, he and his internstopped at the door of a patient who was not on their service. His interninsisted to walk into the ward, in which they saw a seven-year-old girl lyingon a bed, with his heartbroken mother companying her. Everything possible hadbeen done, and the girl was dying now. His intern walked over, and put his armsaround the girl’s mother, and they stood, silently, holding each other. Thatnight the author learned an meaningful lesson, that is there was one more thing to do — to go into that roomand offer whatever comfort his care and concern could bring, to bear witness tothe pain of that family. In the end, it was as important as anything else thathad been done for that child.

Parttwo: new words

1.build on

(1)加建；擴(kuò)建

This part of the hospital was built onlater.

醫(yī)院的這部分是后來(lái)擴(kuò)建的。

(2)根據(jù)；依賴

His argument is built on facts.

他的論點(diǎn)是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的

2.refine

v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞)

(1)To reduce to a pure state; purify.

提煉：提煉至純的狀態(tài)；凈化

(2)To remove by purifying.

提純移走，提純?nèi)サ?/p>

(3)To free from coarse, unsuitable, orimmoral characteristics:

使高雅：使…去掉粗魯、不合時(shí)宜或不道德的特點(diǎn)：

refined his manners; refined her speakingstyle.

使舉止高雅；使她說(shuō)話風(fēng)格高雅

v.intr.（不及物動(dòng)詞)

(1)To become free of impurities.

被提純

(2)To acquire polish or elegance.

變得優(yōu)雅精美

(3)To use precise distinctions and subtletyin thought or speech.

提煉：在思想或言語(yǔ)中使用精確區(qū)別和細(xì)微之處

3.threshold   n.（名詞)

(1)A piece of wood or stone placed beneatha door; a doorsill.

門檻：在門下放置的一段木條或石條；門檻

(2)An entrance or a doorway.

入口，門口

(3)The place or point of beginning; theoutset.

起點(diǎn)：開(kāi)始的地方或地點(diǎn)；開(kāi)端

(4)A point separating conditions that willproduce a given effect from conditions of a higher or lower degree that willnot produce the effect, as the intensity below which a stimulus is ofsufficient strength to produce sensation or elicit a response:

上限，下限，閥值：一個(gè)正好能產(chǎn)生特定效應(yīng)的界限，比其高或低均不能產(chǎn)生任何效應(yīng)。如低于足夠產(chǎn)生感覺(jué)或反應(yīng)的刺激強(qiáng)度：

a low threshold of pain.

一碰就痛

4.hang on

(1)To cling tightly to something.

糾纏：緊緊握住某物

(2) 靠著, 渴望, 有賴于

(3)To continue persistently; persevere.

堅(jiān)持：堅(jiān)持不放棄；堅(jiān)持不懈

(4)To keep a telephone connection open.

打電話時(shí)不掛斷

(5)To wait for a short period of time.

稍待：等待一會(huì)兒時(shí)間

5.wither   vt., vi.

(1)（使)枯萎；凋謝

The flowers withered in the cold.

花在寒冷的天氣里凋謝了。

(2)使…啞口無(wú)言

She withered him with a look.

她的一瞥使他無(wú)言以對(duì)。

6.settle down

(1)To begin living a stable and orderlylife:

安頓下來(lái)：過(guò)穩(wěn)定有序的生活：

He settled down as a farmer with a family.

他與一家人安頓下來(lái)務(wù)農(nóng)

(2)To become less nervous or restless.

平靜：變得不緊張或安靜

7.bouts of

bout: n.

一回, 一場(chǎng), 回合, 較量

vt.

來(lái)回耕

8.bear witness to 作證

9.endeavor

n.（名詞)

(1)A conscientious or concerted efforttoward an end; an earnest attempt.

努力，盡力：為達(dá)到目標(biāo)而所做的盡職的、一致的努力；熱切的嘗試

(2)Purposeful or industrious activity; enterprise.See Synonyms at effort

企圖，進(jìn)取心：有目的的、勤勉刻苦的行動(dòng)；進(jìn)取心參見(jiàn) effort

v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞)

To attempt (fulfillment of a responsibilityor an obligation, for example) by employment or expenditure of effort:

奮力，努力：通過(guò)運(yùn)用或消耗努力而試圖（例如履行一項(xiàng)職責(zé)或一份義務(wù))：

endeavored to improve the quality of lifein the inner city.

努力改善城市內(nèi)的生活品質(zhì)

v.intr.（不及物動(dòng)詞)

To work with a set or specified goal orpurpose.

企圖，謀求：帶有確定目標(biāo)或指定目的而工作

Part Three: Structure Analysis

The text can bedivided into three parts:

1. The firstpart is the first paragraph, in which the author says she will set a new coursefor the students.

2. The secondpart consists of paragraphs 2-6. This part the difference between “patient-doctor1” and “Patient-Doctor 2” in students’ mind isillustrated. The author tells what change students will take after enteringmedicine university, and how the author wants to prevent them from taking suchchanges.

3. The last partis made up of paragraph 7,8,9,10,11 and 12. This part is the essential of thetext, in which the author uses a moving story as his first inoculation forstudents in this course. Form the story, the author wants to tell us that in practiceof medicine, the person a doctor is as important as what a doctor knows.Medical care and personal care for a doctor is of the same importance.

Part Four: Language Points

Ⅰ. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

（1)  英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能使句子的意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞主要包括：make, consider, believe, cause, feel, hear, listen to, see, find,have, let, call等。其句型為：及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

（2)  名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、從句可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：

We all called him “monkey”.（賓補(bǔ)為名詞)

We believed him honest.（賓補(bǔ)為形容詞)

I saw him out with his father.（賓補(bǔ)為副詞)

We found everything in the lab in goodorder.（賓補(bǔ)為介詞短語(yǔ))

I don’t force him to do anything he dislikes.（賓補(bǔ)為不定式)

Nobody noticed him enter the room.（賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式)

I saw him crossing the road by himself.（賓gydjdsj.org.cn/yaoshi/補(bǔ)為現(xiàn)在分詞)

When we arrived there, we saw the workdone.（賓補(bǔ)為過(guò)去分詞)

The plant has its own name. You can’t call it what you will.（賓補(bǔ)為從句)

（3)  在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，以下幾類動(dòng)詞后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)：

感官動(dòng)詞feel/hear/ listen to/ see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe; 使役動(dòng)詞have/ let/ make;

help后的不定式可帶to, 也可不帶to。例如：

He noticed a man enter the room.

(= A man was noticed to enter the room.)

I saw the children cross the road.

(= The children were seen to cross theroad.)

The boss made the children work then hoursa day.

(= The children were made to work ten hoursa day.)

（4)  一些感官動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)和接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：

不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：

I observed a stranger enter the house.

我注意到一個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)了那所房子。（動(dòng)作已完成)

I observed a stranger entering the house.

我注意到一個(gè)陌生人正在走進(jìn)那所房子。（動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)

I heard her sing a song in the next room.

我聽(tīng)到她在隔壁唱歌了。（動(dòng)作已完成)

I heard her singing a song in the nextroom.

我聽(tīng)到她正在隔壁唱歌。（動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)

（5)  賓補(bǔ)還可用于形式賓語(yǔ)it之后。例如：

They thought it right to do this test.（right為賓補(bǔ))

We all think it our duty that we shouldsupport him.（our duty為賓補(bǔ))

We find it necessary to master a foreignlanguage.（necessary為賓補(bǔ))

（6)  含不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)即為主補(bǔ)。例如：

His father made him do a lot of houseworkafter school.

= He was made to do a lot of houseworkafter school by his father.

I heard him singing an English song in theclassroom.

= He was heard singing an English song inthe classroom.

The boy saw the dog tied to the tree.

= The dog was seen tied to the tree by theboy.

Practice:

1. Wefound the street much _______.

A. crowd  B.crowding   C.crowdedD. crowdedly

2. Itis clear that the thief was seen ______ into the room that night.

A. went  B.go C. going  D. to go

3. Theywoke up ______ everything around _______.

A. found; changed  B. finding; changing

C. to; changing  D. to find; changed

4. I’llget my secretary _______ the letter.

A. copy  B. to copy C.copiesD. copied

5. Idon’t think physics _______.

A. easy to be learnedB. easily to learn

C. easy to learn D. easily to be learnt

Ⅱ Medicalterms

(1)History-taking and interviewingskills 病歷書(shū)寫和接疹技能

(2)vaccine: 疫苗的，疫苗

(3)diagnosis: 診斷

(4)do one’s pediatric rotation：兒科輪轉(zhuǎn)

(5)chemotherapy：化學(xué)療法

Ⅲ Vocabulary

(1) Here,they will refine their history-taking skills, building on their knowledge of pathophysiologyand disease; they will learn how to perform a physical examination; and theywill touch a living stranger"s body as clinicians for the first time.

(2) Prehistoric skulls found inEurope and South America indicate that Neolithic man was already able to trephine,or remove disks of bone from the skull successfully but whether this delicate operation was performed to release evilspirits or as a surgical procedure is not known.

(3) In Greek medicine the impetus for the rational approach came largelyfrom the speculations of the pre-Socratic philosophers and suchphilosopher-scientists as Pythagoras, Democritus, and Empedocles.

(4) Unfortunately, his prolific researches on anatomy and physiologywere not invariably accurate, and reliance on them impeded subsequent progressin anatomy.

(5) With the destruction or neglectof the Roman sanitary facilities, there followed a series of local epidemicsthat culminated many centuries later inthe great plague of the 14th cent, known as the Black Death.

Part Four: Summary

The text reallypresents us a magnificent picture of medical development, in which the authorbegins his telling from the ancient times and ends with modern medicine,crossing a span of thousands of years. Ancient times saw a history of medicineemerging. As something else, medicine developed gradually and the first reallight in modern medicine in Europe came. The Birth of Modern Medicine was in the 19^thcentury. Modern medicine is marked by the use of sulfanilamide, penicillin andthe finding of DNA. Further progress has been characterized by the rise ofchemotherapy ; increased understanding of the mechanisms of the immune systemand the increased prophylactic use of vaccination ; utilization of knowledge ofthe endocrine system to treat diseases resulting from hormone imbalance. Peopleare now directed toward such problems as cancer, heart disease, AIDS, and atthe same time the educational requirements of the medical profession haveincreased.