河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)教案首頁(yè)
教研室: 外語(yǔ)部醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)教研室 教師姓名：
| 課程名稱(chēng) | 醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ) | 授課專(zhuān)業(yè)和班級(jí) | 05級(jí) | ||
| 授課內(nèi)容 | Unit fourteen Without Conscious | 授課學(xué)時(shí) | 4 | ||
| 教學(xué)目的 | To understand WWII and the roles of doctors in Nazi period. And review the history and see through the importance and influence of a doctor. | ||||
| 教學(xué)重點(diǎn) | To help students understand the history and the evil deeds on Hitler and tell student to be a good doctor and contribute to the peace of human world. | ||||
| 教學(xué)難點(diǎn) | Some of the historical backgrounds are obscure in the mind of the students and they may not fully understand the evil influence of Nazi doctors in history. | ||||
| 教具和媒 體使用 | computer and PowerPoint | ||||
| 教學(xué)方法 | Communicative approach and traditional method to analyze the text | ||||
| 教 學(xué) 過(guò) 程 | I. Lead in activities (10 min.) How much do you know about WWII? Have you learned something about what Hilter forced Nazi doctors to do? II. Background knowledge (10 min.) WWII is impressive and Hilter is notorious in history. Many decent doctor in Nazi period are forced to do something evil to hurt people and even kill people like animals. III. Analysis of the text (60 min.) 1. Some relevant information on Nazi doctors. 2. Language points: words and expressions. 3. Analysis of difficult sentences. 4. Review what has happened in the history and remind medical students to make use of knowledge to serve human beings rather than do something evil. IV. Discussion (10 min.)招生簡(jiǎn)章 V. Summary (10 min.) To be a noble doctor is really hard. Learning from the history, medical students should realize their own roles in protecting people and world peace. VI. assignment after class write an article titiled how to be a noble doctor. | ||||
| 講授新 進(jìn)展內(nèi)容 | The history of Nazi Germany and the Nazi doctors. | ||||
| 課后總結(jié) | 1. Students’ vocabulary is to be enlarged. 2. More class activities are to be organized. 3. Students’ speaking abilities are to be improved. | ||||
I Background Information
| 阿道夫·希特勒（Adolf Hitler，1889年4月20日—1945年4月30日)，是德國(guó)國(guó)家社會(huì)主義工人黨，即納粹黨的黨魁和納粹德國(guó)的元首。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)期兼任德國(guó)武裝力量三軍統(tǒng)帥。希特勒嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)應(yīng)該是奧地利人。 |
II Key Words, Phrases to Be Mastered:
1.assassin Onewho murders by surprise attack, especially one who carries out a plot to kill aprominent person.
2.adage A sayingthat sets forth a general truth and that has gained credit through long use.
3 ideology A set of doctrines orbeliefs that form the basis of a political, economic, or other system
4.implement To put into practical effect; carry out:
5.apostle A passionate adherent; astrong supporter. One of a group made up especially of the 12 disciples chosenby Jesus to preach the gospel
6.eugenics n. The study of hereditary improvement of thehuman race by controlled selective breeding.euthanasia n. the act or practiceof ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or anincurable condition, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinarymedical treatment.
7. justification]n. Something, such as afact or circumstance, that justifies
8.contaminate v. Tomake impure or unclean by contact or mixture.
9.precu執(zhí)業(yè)獸醫(yī)rsor Onethat precedes another.
10. mutilate v. To deprive of a limb or anessential part; cripple
11. executioner n. One who executes, especiallyone who puts a condemned
12. psychiatrist]n. A physician who specializes in psychiatry. 精神病學(xué)家,
13. exemplary adj. Worthy of imitation; commendable:
14. camaraderie n. Goodwill and lighthearted rapport between oramong fiends.
15. eliminate v. Toget rid of; remove.
16. burgeon v. Toput forth new buds, leaves, or greenery.
17. psychiatry n. The branch of medicine that deals with thediagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders.精神病學(xué)
18. fanatical adj. Possessedwith or motivated by excessive, irrational zeal.
19. ethical adj. Being in accordance with the acceptedprinciples of right and wrong that govern the conduct of a profession.道德的，倫理的
20. anesthesia n. Total or partial loss of sensation,especially tactile sensibility, induced by disease, injury, acupuncture, or an anesthetic.麻醉；失去知覺(jué)
21. amputate v. To cut off (a part of the body).
22. suffocate To kill or destroy by preventing access of air oroxygen
23. dissect v. To cut apart or separate (tissue), especiallyfor anatomical study.解剖
24. perversion n. The act of perverting
II The key notes from the text.
1.Professor Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. He is auniversity professor of religion and philosophy at BostonUniversity, Boston. Sixty years ago, on April 11, 1945,he was liberated from the Buchenwald concentration camp (布痕瓦爾德，德意志民主共和國(guó)西南部一村莊，1937至1945年德國(guó)法西斯曾在此設(shè)立集中營(yíng),殘酷屠殺了數(shù)萬(wàn)名反法西斯戰(zhàn)士). This article has been modified by the author froman essay in his collection D"où viens-tu? (Editions du Seuil,2001) and was translated from the French by Jamie Moore.
2.Holocaust: The genocide of European Jews and others by the Nazis duringWorld War II. Holocaust源于希臘語(yǔ),譯為大屠殺，當(dāng)其大寫(xiě)時(shí)特指二戰(zhàn)中納粹分子對(duì)猶太人和其他歐洲人的毀滅政策。
3.Talmud: The collection of ancient Rabbinic writings consisting of theMishnah and the Gemara, constituting the basis of religious authority inOrthodox Judaism.猶太教法典：古代拉比著作的合集，包括《密西拿》和《革馬拉》，構(gòu)成了正統(tǒng)猶太教中宗教權(quán)威的基礎(chǔ)。
4.The best doctors are destined for hell. There are several interpretationsfor this Talmudic adage. One is that the best doctors are destined for hell because, with their ability to healthemselves and the means to afford good food, they are rarely ill and thus arenot very devout. In addition, they will often not treat indigent people who areill. Another interpretation is that "best doctors" refers to doctorswho consider themselves as such, i.e., consider themselves experts and thus donot consult with other doctors. This results in the death of some of theirpatients.
5.Hippocratic Oath: 希波克拉底的誓言（醫(yī)科學(xué)生或醫(yī)生開(kāi)業(yè)時(shí)表示遵守醫(yī)德的誓約)。
6.Thomas Mann 托馬斯·曼（1875-1955)德國(guó)作家。納粹上臺(tái)后，托馬斯·曼發(fā)表《理查德·瓦格納的苦難與偉大》的著名演講而被迫流亡國(guó)外，1944年入美國(guó)籍。雖然他的著作在德國(guó)被查禁，他的國(guó)籍和波恩大學(xué)榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位被剝奪，但他并沒(méi)有屈服，而是以著名的公開(kāi)信表明了反法西斯的嚴(yán)正。1929年，由于他在文學(xué)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域里的杰出貢獻(xiàn)，托馬斯·曼獲得獲貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
7.Bertolt Brecht 貝爾托·布萊希特（1898-1956)德國(guó)劇作家，戲劇理論家，導(dǎo)演，詩(shī)人 。曾投身工人運(yùn)動(dòng)。1933年后流亡歐洲大陸。戰(zhàn)后遭迫害，1947年返回歐洲。1955年獲列寧和平獎(jiǎng)金。
8.Third Reich第三帝國(guó)(指希特勒統(tǒng)治下的德國(guó)[1933-1945]。
9. Himmler: 二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)德國(guó)黨衛(wèi)軍首腦希姆萊。
10. Gnadentod: 德語(yǔ)，意為無(wú)痛楚的死亡，安然去世。
11. Poznan: 波茲南(波蘭城市).
12. guinea pig: 1.豚鼠，天竺鼠：常被作為寵物飼養(yǎng)，亦被用來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn).2. [非正式用語(yǔ)]被用來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)或進(jìn)行研究的人。
13. Ravensbrück, Dachau, Buchenwald, Auschwitz: 地名，分別指拉文斯布魯克集中營(yíng)，達(dá)豪集中營(yíng)，布痕瓦爾德集中營(yíng)，奧斯維新集中營(yíng)。
14. Nuremberg: 紐倫堡(德國(guó)城市名)
15. Final Solution: The Nazi program of exterminating Jews during the GermanThird Reich:最后解決：在德國(guó)第三帝國(guó)時(shí)期納粹黨對(duì)猶太人的集體屠殺方案.
16. Adolf Eichmann: 納粹戰(zhàn)犯阿道夫.艾希曼.
17. Mengele: Josef Mengele，納粹醫(yī)生，有“惡魔醫(yī)生”之稱(chēng)，二戰(zhàn)期間非人道的在集中營(yíng)用“醫(yī)學(xué)人體試驗(yàn)”殺人。
18. Yom Kippur: Yom Kippur is the Jewish holiday of the Day of Atonement. It falls on the tenth day ofthe Hebrew month and is considered most solemn day of the year. 猶太人的贖罪日
19. anti-Semitic: 反對(duì)猶太人的，排猶的
20. Einsatzgruppen: 黨衛(wèi)軍特別行動(dòng)隊(duì): 流動(dòng)武裝警察部隊(duì)，由保安警察、保安處和蓋世太保組成，用來(lái)進(jìn)攻和處決被占領(lǐng)國(guó)的敵人并負(fù)責(zé)集中營(yíng)的管理。
21. brethren: 弟兄們, 同胞，brother的復(fù)數(shù)。
III Key sentences or pharagraphs need to be mastered.
1. This is one of those stories that invite fear.
2. Now we know. During the period of the past centurythat I call Night, medicine was practiced in certain places not toheal but to harm, not to fight off death but to serve it.
3. They preceded the torturers andassassins in the science of organized cruelty that we call theHolocaust. There is a Talmudic adage, quite disturbing, that appliesto them: Tov she-barofim le-gehinom — "The best doctorsare destined for hell." The Nazi doctors made hell.
4. How can we explain their betrayal? Whatmade them forget or eclipse the Hippocratic Oath? What gagged theirconscience? What happened to their humanity?
5.Thus, instead of doing their job, instead ofbringing assistance and comfort to the sick people who needed themmost, instead of helping the mutilated and the handicapped to live,eat, and hope one more day, one more hour, doctors became theirexecutioners.
Like the fanatical German theorists, Nazi doctors didtheir work without any crisis of conscience. They were convincedthat by helping Hitler to realize his racial ambitions, they werecontributing to the salvation of humanity. The eminent Nazi doctorresponsible for "ethical" questions, Rudolf Ramm, did nothesitate to declare that "only an honest and moral person maybecome a good doctor."
6. In Ravensbrück, Dachau,Buchenwald, and Auschwitz, German scientistsoperated on their victims without anesthesia in an effort todiscover cures for obscure diseases. The researchers let them die ofhunger, thirst, cold; they drowned them, amputated their limbs,suffocated them, dissected their still-living bodies to study theirbehavior and measure their stamina.
7. And I recall his fateful gesture thatseparated the living from the soon-to-be dead. I learned his nameonly later. Morbid rumors went around about him.
8. Mustone conclude that, since a humane science exists, there was also ascience that wasn"t humane? I won"t even consider racist theoristswho tried to treat racism as an exact science. Their vulgarstupidity deserves nothing but disdain. But there were excellentphysicians, well-informed chemists, and great surgeons — all racist.How could they seek truth and happiness for human beings at the sametime that they hated some of them solely because they belonged tohuman communities other than their own?
9. It is impossible to study the history of Germanmedicine during the Nazi period in isolation from German educationin general.
10. When Ithink about the Nazi doctors, the medical executioners, I lose hope.To find it again, I think about the others, the victim-doctors; Isee again their burning gazes, their ashen faces.
11. Whydid some know how to bring honor to humankind, while others renouncedhumankind with hatred? It is a question of choice. A choice thateven now belongs to us — to uniformed soldiers, but even more so todoctors. The killers could have decided not to kill.
12. Andhow can the recent, shameful torture to which Muslim prisoners weresubjected by American soldiers be justified? Shouldn"t the prisonconditions in Iraqhave been condemned by legal professionals and military doctorsalike?
13. Am Inaive in believing that medicine is still a noble profession, upholdingthe highest ethical principles? For the ill, doctors still stand forlife. And for us all, hope.
14. If you open the famous Hippocratic Oath,you may find the following words: I will prescribe regimen for the good of my patientsaccording to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone.
IV． Discussion
1. Who or what is toblame for the creation of the assassins in white coat?
2. Why did some doctors know to bring honor tomankind, while others renounce humankind with hatred?
V. Assignment
Try to find out somematerials about doctors in Nazi period. And think about how to be a noble doctor?
