(3)瞻前顧后，先易后難
瞻前顧后即前后觀察，對空格前后句子作深入分析，確定空格在句中的意思。選擇時，一般從以下幾個方面著手：利用上下文線索或邏輯推理作出選擇；根據(jù)所學的語法規(guī)則、結(jié)構(gòu)知識、習慣用法及修辭等作出選擇；尋找信息詞，包括上下文出現(xiàn)過的關(guān)鍵詞；若碰到一時難以確定的選項，要放一下，先做其他題，后面可能會提供線索，或等全部做完以后，再回頭解決；也可采用排除法或憑語感作出選擇。
(4)復(fù)核全文，消除疏漏
填空全部做完之后，再從頭至尾把文章讀一遍，從文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā)檢查一遍，從意義和語法兩個角度仔細權(quán)衡，檢查句與句之間、段與段之間是否一致、連貫，以便彌補疏漏。對于個別難度較大的空格，可以憑借自己的語感，堅持第一感覺選擇的最佳答案。
2.高分策略
(1)考生要全面復(fù)習掌握語法知識，并且要能在實踐中識別語法現(xiàn)象。歷年的考試結(jié)果說明雖然考生的語法知識結(jié)構(gòu)不差，解答偏題、難題的能力也不低，但實際答題效果并不理想。如何將語法知識運用于解決實際問題應(yīng)是考生復(fù)習的主要目的。因此不應(yīng)只死記硬背一些特殊的語法現(xiàn)象，而應(yīng)扎實地掌握好基礎(chǔ)語法知識，以不變應(yīng)萬變�？忌蓞⒖急緯竺嫠降膶φZ法知識的總結(jié)。
(2)既然詞匯是歷年考查的重點，而測試范圍在《英語考試大綱》所規(guī)定的5,300多詞匯和短語之內(nèi)，因此要掌握好詞匯及其用法是要下一番工夫的，單靠背誦詞匯表，掌握詞匯的拼寫和漢語釋義是遠遠不夠的，提倡通過看詞典中的例句或做習題(即通過上下文)的方式來記憶詞匯及其搭配。大部分考生因為不熟悉詞匯的搭配而不能將已“掌握”的詞匯運用到語言表達中去。
(3)完形填空題首先檢驗的是閱讀能力，因此考生要善于識別上下文的提示，確定句與句之間的關(guān)系。我們知道完形填空題的短文是一個意義完整的語篇，它圍繞著一個話題展開，那么文章中詞語的重復(fù)和替代現(xiàn)象是不可避免的，所以考生可以利用上下文尋找相關(guān)線索幫助解題，有時只需將文章中的詞語或短語照搬即可。通過閱讀上下文，考生還可以把握短文的連貫性和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)注句際之間的邏輯關(guān)系。在對語言把握不準時，考生要學會用常識來幫助解題。當然，應(yīng)試技巧只能起到輔助作用，只有牢固掌握英語知識才能將其運用自如。
接下來，我們就通過對2002年真題的解析來幫助您熟悉該題型的特點及應(yīng)對策略。
2002年真題：
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8 . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .
It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
1. [A] between [B] before[C] since[D] later
2. [A] after[B] by[C] during[D] until
3. [A] means[B] method[C] medium[D] measure
4. [A] process[B] company[C] light[D] form
5. [A] gathered[B] speeded[C] worked[D] picked
6. [A] on[B] out[C] over[D] off
7. [A] of[B] for[C] beyond[D] into
8. [A] concept[B] dimension[C] effect[D] perspective
9. [A] indeed[B] hence[C] however[D] therefore
10. [A] brought[B] followed[C] stimulated[D] characterized
11. [A] unless[B] since[C] lest[D] although
12. [A] apparent[B] desirable[C] negative[D] plausible
13. [A] institutional [B] universal[C] fundamental[D] instrumental
14. [A]ability[B] capability[C] capacity[D] faculty
15. [A] by means of[B] in terms of[C] capacity[D] faculty
16. [A] deeper[B] fewer[C] nearer[D] smaller
17. [A] context[B] range[C] scope[D] territory
18. [A] regarded[B] impressed[C]influenced[D] effected
19. [A] competitive[B] controversial[C] distracting[D] irrational
20. [A] above[B] upon[C] against[D] with
本文主要講述通訊業(yè)的革命。人們常常把20世紀電視的發(fā)展與15、16世紀印刷術(shù)的普及作比較。15、16世紀印刷術(shù)的普及到20世紀電視的發(fā)展，從電報、電話到現(xiàn)代社會的電腦、集成電路，通信變革的速度越來越快，對人們生活的各方面也產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。下面我們來看一下各題答案：
1.答案：[A] between
此題屬于語法題。先項[A] between表示“在……之間”�？忌赡苁煜etween作介詞的用法，卻不了解其實它還可作為副詞，例如：We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon, and we have lunch between. 我們上午有四節(jié)課，下午有兩節(jié)課，期間我們進午餐。本題主要考查副詞的用法。上文中提到了20世紀電視的發(fā)展及15、16世紀印刷術(shù)的傳播，下文則講到了這兩個時間之間民生的一些事情。因此，根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系，應(yīng)選擇[A] between。選項[B] before表示“在……之前”，既可作介詞，也可作連詞，例如：Before the class, I went over the lesson. 又如：Before the discussion began, I had a cup of tea. 選項[C] since 表示“既然”，可作介詞、連詞，也可作副詞，例如：I haven’t written home since Christmas. 又如：I have been at his bedside since he became ill. 再如：Things have not changed very much since. 選項[D] later 表示“后來”例如：a week later. 這三個選項都不符合題意。
全句可譯為：然而，在20世紀與15、16世紀之間發(fā)生了很多事情。
2.答案：[D] until
此題屬于詞語搭配題。讀完此句，考生可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是it was not until...that...，這是固定搭配，not until用于強調(diào)，例如：It was not until you told me that I knew he was the famous singer. 故選[D] until.其余選項：[A] after, [B] by和[C] during都與本題的語意不符。
3.答案：[C] medium
此題屬于語意搭配題。選項[C] medium表示“媒體”。根據(jù)考生的常識不難判斷本句中的主語newspaper應(yīng)該屬于medium(媒體)的一種。選項[A] means 意為“方法，手段”；選項[B]method意為“方法”；選項[D] measure意為“措施”。
4.答案：[B] company
此題屬于語意搭配題。上文中的in the wake of the pamphlet and the book意為“伴隨首小冊子和書籍的出現(xiàn)”，據(jù)此可以判斷與此相對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是in the company of the periodical(伴隨著期刊的興起)。所以[B]是正確答案。選項[B]是正確答案。選項[B]：in the company of意為“在……的陪同下，伴隨著”，例如：I traveled Egypt in the company of two teachers.(我在兩個老師陪同下游覽了埃及。)選項[A]：in the process意為“在進行中”，例如：The new library is in the process of being decorated.新圖書館正在進行裝修。選項[D]： in the light of意為“鑒于，依據(jù)……看來”，例如：In the light of the accident, we have put off the meeting till next week. (鑒于這次事故，我們已經(jīng)把會議推遲到下個星期。)選項[D]：in the form of意為“以……的形狀”，例如：Te cookies were in the form of stars.(那些餅干的形狀都像星星。)
全句可譯為：直到19世紀，伴隨著小冊子、書籍和期刊的興起，報紙成為前電子時代的主要媒體。
5.答案：[B] speed
此題屬于詞語搭配題。本題主要考查動詞短語的含義，這是考查的一個重點。選項[B]：speed (up)意為“加速”，例如：The train gradually speeded up.(火車逐漸加速了。)不難看出本句的含義是“在15世紀到20世紀之間，從火車、電報、電話到汽車、飛機、交通，通信業(yè)的變革速度越來越快”，故選[B]。選項[A]：gather (up)意為“收集”，例如：gather up one’s papers; 選項[C]：work (up)意為“逐步發(fā)展”，例如：work up to a climax(漸至高潮)；選項[D]：pick (up)意為“撿起，學會”，例如：pick up a few words.
