動詞
從一定意義上講,英語語法就是動詞的語法,因此,掌握動詞的特性、變化、句型是學習英語語法的重中之重。為了能更好地理解下面的講課內(nèi)容,首先要搞清動詞的幾個基本概念。
1) be 動詞和do動詞:be動詞也稱狀態(tài)動詞,用于說明狀態(tài)或性質(zhì),主要用于構成英語的主系表句型;do動詞也稱為行為動詞,分及物動詞和不及物動詞;
2) 及物動詞和不及物動詞:不及物動詞后面不跟賓語, 也沒有被動語態(tài); 及物動詞后面一定要有賓語;
3) 雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)結構和復合賓語(賓語 + 賓語補足語)結構:比較下面兩個句子:
My mother made me a cake.(母親給我做了塊蛋糕。)
My father made me a doctor. (父親把我培養(yǎng)成一名醫(yī)生。)
第一句是雙賓語結構,即 My mother made a cake for me.
第二句是復合賓語結構,其句法功能為:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor) 說明復合賓語結構中,賓語和賓語補足語之間有“主謂關系”。
4) 情態(tài)動詞:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等動詞稱為情態(tài)動詞,有三大特征:A. 不受主語人稱和數(shù)的影響,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不變;B. 否定時在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 與另一動詞連用,中間不用 + “ to ”, 如上舉例。
請根據(jù)上述原則,(從語法角度)說出以下那種表達方式是對的:
A. She needs to see a doctor.
B. She doesn't need to see a doctor.
C. Does she need to see a doctor?
D. She needs not see a doctor.
E. She needn't see a doctor.
F. She doesn't need see a doctor.
G. She needs see a doctor.
從語法角度看,A.B.C.E是對的。
5) 助動詞:幫助實意動詞構成某種結構的詞,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天確實來了;我在辦公室見到他的! 表示強調(diào))
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