2014年度職稱英語綜合類新增文章

來源：本站原創(chuàng) 更新：2014/5/14 職稱英語考試論壇

2014年職稱英語綜合類新增文章

第一部分　　閱讀判斷

第九篇 What Is a Dream?

For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some

psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，

however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe

that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.
Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only

in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams

scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that

dreams are an expression of a perswishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express

the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.
The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a

different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a

message to the dreamer. He thoughgydjdsj.org.cnt people could learn more about themselves by thinking about

their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an

opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that

they think too little of themselves.
Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist

William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly

linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream

about crime.
Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that

children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that

needs time to develop.
He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and

women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the

dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender

difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and

traditional ones.
Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question

in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible

is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that

some terrible event will gydjdsj.org.cnactually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of

dreams is not the real world.
詞匯：

psychologist / saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst / n．心理學(xué)家
psychiatrist /sai' kaiətrɪst/ n．精神病學(xué)家(醫(yī)生)
Austrian / ˈɔstrɪən / adj．奧地利的
gender / ˈdʒendə / n．性別

注釋：

1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德•弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，猶太人，奧地利精神病醫(yī)生及精神分析學(xué)家。精神分

析學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人。他認(rèn)為被壓抑的欲望絕大部分是屬于性的，性的擾亂是精神病的根本原因。著有《性學(xué)三

論》《夢的釋義》《圖騰與禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理學(xué)》《精神分析引論》《精神分析引論新編》等。

2．Carl Jung：卡爾•榮格，瑞士著名精神分析專家，分析心理學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人。

3．For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve

fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.例如，在男性夢境中出現(xiàn)的通常是其他男性，而且常與

打斗有關(guān)，而女性的夢境則不是這樣。

練習(xí)：
1．Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.
A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned
2．According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about.
A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned
3．Jung believed that drgydjdsj.org.cneams did not help one to understand oneself.
A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned
4．In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.
A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned
5．According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.
A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned
6．Men and women dream about different things.
A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned
7．Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.
A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

答案與題解

1．A　這句話恰好表達(dá)了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，人腦睡眠中的活動沒有特別意義；而有

些人則認(rèn)為，夢可以揭示人的思維和情感活動。

2．A　第三段的最后一句講的是弗洛伊德認(rèn)為夢反映了人們在現(xiàn)實情況下害怕表達(dá)的情感、思維和恐懼。此

句與本敘述一致。

3．B　第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a

message to the dreamer.（榮格認(rèn)為，夢的用途是向做夢者傳遞一個信息)He thought people could

learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.（他認(rèn)為人們通過思考所做的夢能夠更好

地了解自己)。他給出了兩個例子來說明他的論點。

4．C　文中沒有提及。

5．A　依據(jù)第六段，Domhoff研究得出：孩子不像醫(yī)學(xué) 全在.線提供gydjdsj.org.cn成人做那么多的夢，他認(rèn)為做夢也是一項心智機(jī)能，需要隨

著年齡增長而發(fā)展。