2014年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題-補全短文
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I Know Just How You Feel
Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You think that the way you display these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be, classified, according to Mind Reading, an DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart.
Attempts to classify the human heart began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types - anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. (46). Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin’s small group. More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more醫(yī)學(xué)全.在線www.gydjdsj.org.cn facial expressions are shared worldwide. (47). The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism(孤獨癥), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotion. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of emotional expression. The professor and his research team first had to define an “emotion”. (48). Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. That list was whittled down to 412, from "afraid" to "wanting".
Once the emotions were classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. (49). The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone’s face, “It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. “Although they were given some direction”, says Cathy Collis, “the actors were not told which facial muscle they should move. (50). For example, 醫(yī).學(xué)全.在.線網(wǎng)站www.gydjdsj.org.cnwhen someone feels contempt, you can’t say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called "action units". These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a paper of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
A. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
B. Research have also been done find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
C. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.
D. Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.
E. He said that the expression of theses feelings are universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture.
F. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" or "he looks" or "she sounds".
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