QI, BLOOD AND BODY FLUID OF MUTUAL CAUSALITY
氣、血、津液的相互關(guān)系
Despite their differences in nature, form and function, qi, blood and body fluid have something in common with each other. They are the basic materials that constitute the human body and maintain life activities; they all derive from cereal essence; they, physiologically, depend on each other for existence and restrain and utilize each other; they, pathologically, act upon each other and have causality between them.	盡管氣、血、津液的性狀及其功能各不相同，但它們卻有許多共同之處。三者均為構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)。它們均來自水谷精氣。在生理上，它們相互依存、相互制約、相互為用；在病理上，它們相互影響，互為因果。
Qi and blood are closely related. Qi is the "commander" of blood, and blood is the "mother" of qi. As the commander of blood, for one thing, qi is the motive power for blood formation, or rather, it produces blood. Blood is formed from mutritive qi and body fluid, both of which come from food and water. All these cannot be separated from the functions of qi. Blood circulation depends on the propelling function of heart-qi. For another, qi controls blood and keep it flowiing in the blood vessels without extravasation. This function of qi is performed by spleen-qi. When qi is deficient, it fails to control blood, thus leading to hemorrhage. Blood is referred to as the mother of qi because, on the one hand, blood is a carrier of qi; and on the other, blood provides adequate nutrients for qi. Therefore, it is impossible for qi to exist without its"mother", blood.	氣血緊密相關(guān)。氣為血之帥，血為氣之母。氣為血帥，一方面因?yàn)闅馐茄�液形成的原�?dòng)力；另一方面是由于氣可生血。血由營氣和津液形成，后兩者都源于水谷。而以上這些都離不開氣的作用。血液循行依賴氣的推動(dòng)功能，另一方面，氣攝血，維持血行于脈中不致外溢。氣的此項(xiàng)功能由脾氣來執(zhí)行。氣虛不能攝血可導(dǎo)致出血。所謂“血為氣之母”，是因?yàn)椋�一則，血以載氣；二則，血為氣提供充足的營養(yǎng)。因此，如無氣之母－血，則氣也不可能存在。
The relationship between qi and body fluid is rather similar to that between qi and blood. This is shown in the following four aspects. First, qi produces body fluid. The formation, distribution and excretion of body fluid depend upon all the movements of qi and its warming, promoting and controlling functions. The existence of qi in the body not only depends upon blood, but on body fluid which is formed from food essence by the functions of the stomach and spleen. So, whether body fluid is adequate or inadequate depends upon the conditions of spleen-qi and stomach-qi. Second, qi promotes the transportation of body fluid. The movements of qi are the motivity for the transportation, and distribution of body fluid, and the excretion of sweat and urine. Therefore, In case of deficiency of qi or dysfunction of qi, disturbance of body fluid in transportation, distribution and excretion will occur. Thereby leading to the stagnation of body fluid. Third, qi controls body fluid. Qi may control the excretion of body fluid and maintain the balance of the metabolism of body fluid, In case qi fails to control the excretion of body fluid some of body fluid will run off. Fourth, body fluid is a carrier of qi.（Qi resides in body fluid, Body fluid serves as a carrier of qi） That is, body fluid carries qi. Qi cannot exist without body fluid. This is the reason why the loss of body fluid often damages qi. If qi fails to attach to body fluid, qi-deficiency and even qi prostration will ensue. So the medical book Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet says:"No one has perfect qi after hidrosis, vomiting etc." Examples in point are:hidrosis, polyuria, enormous vomiting and diarrhea cause great loss of body fluid, which, in turn, gives rise to qi colapse.gydjdsj.org.cn	氣和津液的關(guān)系與氣和血的關(guān)系非常相似。這可以從以下四方面表明。第一，氣生津。津液的形成、分布和排泄依賴氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)和溫煦、推動(dòng)和固攝功能。人體氣的存在不僅依賴血，也依賴脾運(yùn)化的水谷精微所形成的津液。因此，津液的充足與否依賴脾胃之氣的狀態(tài)。第二，氣推動(dòng)津液的運(yùn)行。氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)是津液運(yùn)行分布和汗尿液排泄的原動(dòng)力。因此，氣虛或氣的功能失常，就會(huì)發(fā)生津液運(yùn)行、分布和排泄的紊亂，使津液停滯。第三，氣固攝津液。氣可以控制津液的排泄，維持體液代謝平衡。如氣無法控制津液的排泄，便會(huì)導(dǎo)致津液的橫溢。第四，津液是氣的載體。這就是津能載氣。如果沒有津液，氣就無法存在。這就是為什么傷津就會(huì)耗氣。如氣無法依托于津液，則氣虛甚則氣陷就會(huì)隨之發(fā)生。這就是《千金翼方》所說的：“汗吐之后無完氣。”過汗、大汗、大瀉使津液丟失從而導(dǎo)致氣脫就是一個(gè)例子。醫(yī)學(xué)全在線
Blood and body fluid are liquids and, what's more, they both perform the nourishing and moistening functions. Body fluid will become and important component of blood when infiltrating into the blood vessels. As blood and body fluid originate from the essence of food and water, they are known as "body fluid and blood are derived from a common source." Recurrent or severe bleeding may do damage to body fluid, resulting in thirst, scanty urine and dry skin. And severe consumption or loss of body fluid will affect the source of blood, leading to the exhaustion of both blood and body fluid. For this reason, it is not advisable to use diaphoretics for haemorrhagic patients, and the methods of breaking blood or pricking blood should be avoided in treating patients with the inadequate of body fluid and hidrosis. Miraculous Pivot states:" The patients lost bolld should avoid perspiring; while the patients lost perspiration should avoid Losing blood." And "the first contraindication refers to emaciated patients; the second to patients lost blood; the third to patients after severe perspirationl;the fourth to patients after severe diarrheal and the fifth to patients of postpartum hemorrhage. Purgation is contraindicated in all these cases."	血和津液都是液體，而且它們都有滋養(yǎng)功能。津液進(jìn)入脈中就會(huì)成為血液的重要組成部分。因?yàn)檠�和津液都源于水谷津液，因此被稱為“津血同源”。周期或嚴(yán)重出血會(huì)損傷津液導(dǎo)致口渴、尿少和皮膚干燥。嚴(yán)重的津液耗損和丟失會(huì)影響血源，導(dǎo)致津液和血液的枯竭。因此，對(duì)于出血的患者不宜用汗法，破血或活血法不宜用于津液不足或汗證的患者�！鹅`樞》指出：“奪血者無汗，奪汗者無血。”并說：“形肉已奪，是一奪也；大奪血之后，是二奪也；大出汗之后，是三奪也；大泄之后，是四奪也；新產(chǎn)及大血之后，是五奪也。此皆不可瀉。”
To sum up, the close and complicated relationships between the three are often shown in physiology and pathology, and are of great importance in TDS.	總之，三者的關(guān)系是緊密復(fù)雜的，這常在生理和病理上體現(xiàn)，對(duì)于辨證論治非常重要。

Unit Eleven
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