7選7解題技巧之用好結(jié)構(gòu)銜接及06年真題解析
總-分結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系
英語文章絕大多數(shù)都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，無論是全篇的邏輯，還是每一個獨(dú)立的意群(一般以自然段的形式出現(xiàn))的邏輯都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)。 利用總句和分句中可能存在的上述各種銜接關(guān)系可以迅速地解題。由于篇幅有限，這里就不舉例說明了。
下面讓我們來用上述總結(jié)的方法巧解2006年真題。
On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind, home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino, a place where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) __________________________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42) ________________________________________.
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning, “enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.
(43) _________________________________________.
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling ” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
44._____________________________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45) ____________________________.
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gambler’s dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week, with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the web’s most profitable business.
(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
(C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government
(E) David Williams’ suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.
(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier ,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
41題解析
原題空格前后兩句：For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) _____________________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186.
正確選項(xiàng)： (C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
分析：這是五題中最簡單的一道。選項(xiàng)中的$5,000和$5，500與空格中的$21,000和$72,186都是金錢數(shù)字，屬于同一范疇概念，由于其他選項(xiàng)中沒有任何數(shù)字，考生應(yīng)該很快能看出這個答案。另一層對應(yīng)是在邏輯上的，空格所在的選項(xiàng)句和空格后面的一句其實(shí)是用具體的事實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)在描述David Williams的賭癮越來越大，這正是空格前句中“electronic heroin”(電子海洛因)的解釋，屬于我們前面總結(jié)的解釋型邏輯關(guān)系。
42題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. (42) _________________________________________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning,“enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it .”
正確選項(xiàng)：(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
分析：空格前面一句中的letter一詞和選項(xiàng)中的mailings是同義詞對應(yīng)。第二層對應(yīng)也是同義詞的對應(yīng)：空格前句中的patronizing the casino(光顧賭場)和選項(xiàng)中entered the casino(進(jìn)入賭場)其實(shí)是相同的意思。
43題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) _____________________________________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
正確選項(xiàng)：(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
分析：這道題是很明顯的同詞重復(fù)現(xiàn)象：lure和will重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
44題解析
原題空格前后兩句：The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall. (44)_____________________________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
正確選項(xiàng)：(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier ,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
分析：此題有多層的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。第一層對應(yīng)為：空格前句的diagnostic(診斷上的),選項(xiàng)中的medicalize(醫(yī)學(xué)化)以及空格后面的physical(身體上的)雖然不是近義詞或同義詞，但很明顯它們屬于同一醫(yī)學(xué)范疇，因此屬于同一范疇詞匯對應(yīng)；第二層對應(yīng)為：選項(xiàng)中的defining as(注意選項(xiàng)中有倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，原結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是define ……as……)與空格后的reclassifying……as……是近義詞表達(dá)法，都是表示“歸類為，定義為”；第三層對應(yīng)為：選項(xiàng)中的weakness of will ( 意志上的弱點(diǎn))和空格后句中的character flaws(性格的缺陷)是上下義詞的關(guān)系，前者屬于后者。
45題解析
原題空格前后兩句：Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45)_____________________________. Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.
正確選項(xiàng)：(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
分析：此題有兩層對應(yīng)。第一層對應(yīng)是：空格后面的“Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.”(44個州發(fā)行各種彩票，29個州開設(shè)賭場，大多數(shù)州在不同程度上依賴于賭場收入)是以具體的例子來說明選項(xiàng)中的“Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever”(賭博已經(jīng)成為美國生活中一個司空見慣的現(xiàn)象)，是上文總結(jié)的例證邏輯關(guān)系。第二層對應(yīng)是：空格后句中的revenues(收入)一詞是個專業(yè)術(shù)語，特指國家政府的財(cái)政收入。它與空格后的government屬于同一范疇詞匯對應(yīng)關(guān)系。
從以上分析我們不難看出，2006年的考研7選5題型真題的解題要點(diǎn)基本上都是詞匯上的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，其難度遠(yuǎn)不如BEC的真題，考生只要能熟練掌握上文總結(jié)的方法，多做習(xí)題，一定能在考試中從容對應(yīng)，考出理想的成績。假如2008年真題出現(xiàn)的是其他兩種備選題型，考生也可以靈活運(yùn)用這些方法去巧解，因?yàn)檫@些題型從測試學(xué)的角度講本質(zhì)是相似的。最后祝廣大考研學(xué)子2008年考研一路順風(fēng)！
