1)關系代詞用來引導定語從句。它代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。(該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。)
2)關系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語從句中,that 可指人也可指物
例如:
This is the pencil whose point is broken.這就是那個折了尖的鉛筆。(whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回來取他丟下的書。(which指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略)
3)關系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個句子,例如:
He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他說在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。