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A New Cause of Suffering
A conference on obesity(肥胖癥)was recently held in Vienna. Two thousand experts from more than fifty countries attended the conference. According to statistics, 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are too fat. Obesity is rapidly becoming a new cause of suffering.
Professor Friedrich hopichler of Salzberg said: "we are living in the new age but with the metabolism(新陳代謝)of a stone-age man .I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza(比薩餅) shop is appearing on every corner. We have been occupied by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization."
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: "eighty per cent of all diabetics(糖尿病人)are too fat, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with fatty tissue complaints. Ten per cent more weight means thirteen pet cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure."
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "the health insurance pays for surgery(such as reducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index(身體質(zhì)量指數(shù))is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.60 meters. One should start earlier."
Toplak said tat prevention should begin in school. "Child obesity has a close relation with the time which children spend in front of TV sets."
1 How many people are suffering from obesity in the world?
A 250,000,000
B 25,000,000
C 1,200,000,000
D 120,000,000
2 the united states is cited as a country where
A obesity is not a problem at all.
B you can find many new things.
C terrible things happen all the time.
D it is easy to buy fast food.
3 according to the article, obesity is associated with all the following EXCEPT
A high blood pressure.
B fatty tissue complaints.
C stomachache
D heart disease
4 Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on
A surgery
B fat people
C preventive programs
D state health services.
5 in Toplak's opinion, the more time a child spends watching TV
A the better he will do in his studies
B the more likely he will get too fat
C the less likely he will get too fat
D the more friends he will have at school
Young Smokers
It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious. Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.
There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.
It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.
There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.
36.In this passage the author puts an emphasis on
A.the consequence of smoking among children.
B.the difficulty in prohibiting children from smoking.
C.the causes of smoking among children.
D.the solution to ban smoking among children
37.Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers
A.Disobedience.
B.Laziness.
C.Abstinence.
D.Vanity.
38.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A.Some children start to smoke out of curiosity and vanity.
B.Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.
C.In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should set examples.
D.It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking..
39.The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking
A.hould be introduced, for it really works at the school.
B.should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.
C.should be introduced though it may not work effectively.
D.needn' t be introduced as long as teachers don' t smoke.
40.The author's attitude towards his writing is
A.Objective.
B.Emotional.
C.Critical.
D.Indifferent.
Demand on Treatment Emphasized
AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment.the World Health Organization(WHO) said Tuesday，asking for more small community—based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.
An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS，two—thirds of them in Africa，but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003，the UN health agency said in its annual report.
“Without treatment，all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,”the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.
WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.
“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease，”Lee said.
“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow.This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss，”he added.
Anti retroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer.The annual cost of treatment，which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed，has dropped to about $150.
Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts，the report said，citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.
Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected，and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection，the report said.
Since its discovery in the 1980s，more than 20 million have died of AIDS，mostly in poor countries
41.Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries
A.They put too little emphasis on treatment.
B.They refuse to be treated.
C.They are not receiving any treatment.
D.They live longer than those in developed countries
42.The WHO publishes its World Health Report
A.once a year.
B.once a decade.
C.once every two years.
D.twice a year
43.According to Lee，our response to the AIDS disease is
A.overemphasized.
B.a matter of little significance.
C.a matter of great significance.
D.timely
44.AIDS treatment programs may also result in
A.more effective prevention.
B.lower yearly cost.
C.better drugs.
D.greater emphasis on treatment
45.How many people have died of AIDS so far
A.36 million.
B.46 million.
C.Around 440，000.
D.More than 20 million
