 |
 |
一篇優(yōu)秀的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)論文，一定要語言精煉、簡潔。這看似簡單，但實(shí)際做起來卻不容易，特別是對于英文水平不高的科研工作者來說，更是難上加難。那么，究竟如何可以寫一篇簡潔的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)論文呢？
1.謹(jǐn)慎地使用詞匯，不使用不必要的詞語。從讀者的角度出發(fā)來寫，不浪費(fèi)讀者任何時(shí)間盡量使用短句、陳述句，一個(gè)簡單的原則是每句話不超過22個(gè)單詞。
2.避免冗雜和重復(fù)。
1)勿在結(jié)果部分的數(shù)據(jù)中逐字重復(fù)以表格或圖形呈現(xiàn)的結(jié)果
例如：
表1：Patients’ biographical data (age, sex, weight, and BMI) are given.
結(jié)果：這些數(shù)據(jù)(age, sex, weight, and BMI)被再次提及時(shí)，僅僅寫成“Patients’ biographical data are presented in Table 1.”就已經(jīng)足夠了。再例如寫成“The two populations did not differ in these criteria.”也是可以的。
2)勿在討論部分逐字重復(fù)結(jié)果部分給出的結(jié)果。
例如：
結(jié)果部分：“The median follow-up time from surgery was (33.3±14.0) months in the elderly group and (33.0±12.7) months in the nonelderly group (P=0.266).”
討論部分：相較于這樣寫：“We found that the median follow-up time from surgery was (33.3±14.0) months in the elderly group and (33.0±12.7) months in the nonelderly group (P=0.266).”可以更好地表述為：“We found that mean follow-up time from surgery was nearly identical (about 33 months) in the two study groups.”
3)勿在討論部分重復(fù)在引言部分中給出的背景信息。
引言部分：“Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, with a five-year survival rate below 5%.”
討論部分：“Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Its five-year survival rate is below 5%.”討論中應(yīng)該刪除這兩個(gè)重復(fù)的句子。
3.不必要的詞，例如：
“It is well known that diabetes affects millions of people.”
如果是眾所周知的事情就沒有必要再加以說明。所以，這樣寫就足夠了：“Diabetes affects millions of people”.
“Smilar results have been reported previously in the literature.”
“Reported”指的就是過去，所以“reported previously”就是多余的. “In the literature”也是不必要的，因?yàn)檫@也是隱含的意思�？梢愿玫乇硎鰹�: “Similar results have been reported (文獻(xiàn)).”
“It has been reported by others.” “By others”是不必要的。這樣表述就足夠了： “It has been reported (文獻(xiàn))”.
“Upon review of the literature we found that diabetic neuropathy has been described often.” “Upon review or the literature” 是不必要的�？梢愿玫乇硎鰹�: “Diabetic neuropathy has been described often (文獻(xiàn)).”
“When comparing x with y we found that x was bigger than y.
“Comparing x with y”是不必要的。表述為“We found that x was bigger than y”就足夠了.
“There is” 和 “there are” 是較弱的表達(dá)。例如: “There are many investigators who disagree with this opinion.” 可以更好地表述為: “Many investigators disagree with this opinion.”
4.尺寸、顏色和形狀通常表述是多余的。例如：
“Blue in color.” 使用“Blue” 就足夠了。
“Large in size.” 使用“Large” 就足夠了。
“Oval in shape.” 使用“Oval” 就足夠了。
“The lesion was successfully excised.” 一個(gè)病灶是無法切除失敗的。這樣表述是正確的：“The lesion was excised.”
5.盡量使用動(dòng)詞而非名詞�！癟he surgeons made the decision to operate.” 可以更好地表述為: “The surgeons decided to operate.”
這些英文的用詞習(xí)慣和用語規(guī)則，都是科研工作者在寫作過程中需要注意的。只有把握好了，一篇簡潔的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)論文才會(huì)孕育而生。
更多醫(yī)學(xué)論文發(fā)表及評審條件相關(guān)信息推薦：
2015-2016年中國科學(xué)引文數(shù)據(jù)庫CSCD期刊目錄專題
醫(yī)學(xué)全在線-論文頻道（gydjdsj.org.cn/lunwen/)第一時(shí)間整理發(fā)布全國各地醫(yī)學(xué)職稱評審公告、評審結(jié)果、論文評審條件、期刊目錄等通知。
