36.【答案】 [C] overstepped the authority offederal immigration law。
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。principles that federal lawsprecede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial。說(shuō)明聯(lián)邦法律高于州的法律是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的。答案選項(xiàng)they“overstepped the authority offederal immigration law�！�---他們(亞利桑那州的法案)逾越了聯(lián)邦法案。就是對(duì)文中這句話的反義改寫(xiě)。Overstep 為同義替換原文中的intrude, authority 同義替換了privileged powers。
屬于同義置換。
37.【答案】[C] States’ legitimate role in immigrationenforcement。州政府在移民[微博]法案實(shí)施中的合法地位。
【解析】第四段主要說(shuō)明了，州警察依然可以核實(shí)移民的法律地位。國(guó)會(huì)設(shè)想joint federal-state immigrationenforcement聯(lián)合實(shí)施移民法案醫(yī)學(xué)全在線www.med126.com。同時(shí)，encourages state officers to share information andcooperate with federal colleagues。國(guó)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)州警察與聯(lián)邦同事分享信息以及相互合作。其他選項(xiàng)的withhold，independence，intervention文中也沒(méi)有提到。屬于過(guò)度推斷。
38.【答案】[D] (Stood infavor of the states)
【解析】第五段最后一句：唯一的最主要的反對(duì)來(lái)自法官Antonino Scalia, 這個(gè)法官“defense” 是支持州的權(quán)利的，“going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts，證明這個(gè)法案是支持州的權(quán)利的。
39.【答案】[A] (outweights that held by the states。)
聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)利大過(guò)州的實(shí)施權(quán)利
【解析】第六段The White House 認(rèn)為亞利桑那州的法律跟白宮的法律實(shí)施權(quán)利沖突。In effect后面表達(dá)的是重點(diǎn)：如果這些州的法律跟它有沖突的話，白宮聲明它有權(quán)利宣布其它州的法律無(wú)效。
40.【答案】[D] (The Administration is dominant over immigration issues。)
(政府在移民問(wèn)題上占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位)
【解析】本段第一句話，聯(lián)邦政府確實(shí)有一些exclusively(專門(mén)地)權(quán)利，比如控制居民以及邊界。這就暗示了移民問(wèn)題上，政府當(dāng)局是具有主導(dǎo)權(quán)利的。
Part B
41.【答案】G (These issues all have root causes in human behavior.。。)
【解析】此題可以通過(guò)上下文的銜接和代詞指代來(lái)確定答案�？崭袂耙痪湔劦健斑@種巨大的能源不是當(dāng)今全球問(wèn)題的主要影響因素，這些問(wèn)題包括氣候變化、安全、可持續(xù)發(fā)展和健康問(wèn)題”，空后談到“人類有必要的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)工具來(lái)消除饑餓”，空格處應(yīng)該填入的選項(xiàng)可以連接前后句的內(nèi)容，既包括談及到全球問(wèn)題，又談及到解決問(wèn)題的選項(xiàng)只有G項(xiàng)。該項(xiàng)首句提到的these issues即指代空前所提及的全球問(wèn)題，以及該項(xiàng)第二句的climate change舉例說(shuō)明即是空前所列出的問(wèn)題之一，并且該項(xiàng)提及解決氣候變化的問(wèn)題，很好的啟示了下文。
42.【答案】C (Despite these factors.。。)
【解析】本題可以通過(guò)連貫性原則和代詞指代來(lái)確定答案。上段末句提到“問(wèn)題也帶有社會(huì)因素：對(duì)食物的組織和分配，財(cái)產(chǎn)和財(cái)富”，空格后談到“這是一種恥辱，社會(huì)應(yīng)該抓住機(jī)會(huì)提升它在真實(shí)世界中的影響”，并且應(yīng)用了社會(huì)科學(xué)家的話語(yǔ)來(lái)表明應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)，即：上段末句提到的問(wèn)題，空前談到存在問(wèn)題，那么接下來(lái)應(yīng)該解決問(wèn)題，但是空后談到這是一種恥辱，然后糾正應(yīng)該解決問(wèn)題，所以空格處應(yīng)該承上啟下，表達(dá)沒(méi)有解決問(wèn)題這個(gè)含義，因此C項(xiàng)“盡管存在這些因素，很多社會(huì)科學(xué)家不愿意解決此問(wèn)題”即為正確選項(xiàng)，該項(xiàng)中these factors指代上段末句提到的社會(huì)因素，而“很多科學(xué)家不愿意解決此問(wèn)題”就是下文提及的this。
43.【答案】B (However, the numbers are still small.。。)
【解析】本題可以通過(guò)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定答案�？涨耙痪渲v到“ the number of papers including.....have increased rapidly .。。”，緊接著在選項(xiàng)B中也出現(xiàn)了“the number”，屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。從邏輯關(guān)系的角度來(lái)看，選項(xiàng)B有一個(gè)明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“however”，這說(shuō)明其表達(dá)的含義與空前信息相反，該選項(xiàng)提到“the numbers are still small”(數(shù)量非常小)，空前信息是“the number ... increased rapidly”(數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)非常迅速)，兩者在語(yǔ)意上構(gòu)成了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以正確答案為B。
44.【答案】D (During the late 1990s.。。)
【解析】本題設(shè)在段落中間，可以通過(guò)段落一致性代詞指代來(lái)確定答案。該段第一句提到：“The problem is not necessarily the amount of availablefunding”，其表達(dá)的含義是：事情的問(wèn)題不是可用資金的數(shù)目。那接下來(lái)要講的內(nèi)容一定和資金有關(guān)系�？蘸蟪霈F(xiàn)了代詞“this is an adequate amount”其含義是：這個(gè)資金數(shù)目是足夠的。那么this指代的內(nèi)容一定和adequate amount相關(guān)，而選項(xiàng)D的題干是“nationalspending varied from 4% to 25%”，其表述的內(nèi)容正是資金的總量。因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
45.【答案】E (The idea is to force social to integrate.。。)
【解析】本題設(shè)空在段落中間，應(yīng)瞻前顧后地依據(jù)連貫性原則確定答案�？涨暗男畔⑹侵笟W盟提議取消了之前設(shè)定的專門(mén)投資支持社會(huì)科學(xué)家的專欄項(xiàng)目，其目的不是為了忽略社會(huì)科學(xué)家，而是完全相反，即文章中的“complete opposite”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)意銜接，接下來(lái)會(huì)說(shuō)明歐盟這一做法的真正目的，并且這一目的對(duì)于社會(huì)科學(xué)家一定是積極的。選項(xiàng)E中的the idea指代空前出現(xiàn)的“it was proposed that.。�！�，即歐盟的提案。除此之外，空后提到了collaborative endeavors，與選項(xiàng)E中的短語(yǔ)integrate with構(gòu)成了同義替換�？蘸笮畔⒅械膅lobal problems與選項(xiàng)E中的health and demographic change, food security, ...and secure societies構(gòu)成上下義的關(guān)系，這也是解題的一道線索，因此，正確答案為選項(xiàng)E。
Section III Translation
46. yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。
【參考譯文】然而，看著無(wú)家可歸者繪制出的花園圖片時(shí)，人們會(huì)突然想到，盡管這些花園風(fēng)格多樣，它們都顯示了人類除了裝飾和創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)之外的其他各種基本訴求
47. A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。
【參考譯文】無(wú)論地方多么簡(jiǎn)陋不堪，尋求一片靜謐圣土是人類特有的需求，而動(dòng)物需要的僅是僅是避難棲息之地。
48. The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。
【參考譯文】無(wú)家可歸者的樂(lè)園，實(shí)際上是一個(gè)毫無(wú)家氣息的地方，給城市環(huán)境帶來(lái)了一種新的形式。。
無(wú)家可歸者描繪的花園實(shí)質(zhì)上是無(wú)所依附的，這些花園把一種形式引入城市環(huán)境中，而這樣的城市環(huán)境中，形式要么根本不存在， 要么就完全不是以這種明顯的方式存在。
49. most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic。
【參考譯文】我們大多數(shù)人會(huì)深陷于精神萎靡的狀態(tài)，并常常將此歸咎為一些心理原因，直到某天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身花園中，感到如魔法般煩悶盡消
50. It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。
【參考譯文】正是對(duì)自然的這種或隱晦含蓄或清晰直白的提及，充分證實(shí)了用“花園”一詞來(lái)描述這些虛擬建筑是合乎情理的，即使是從毫無(wú)拘泥的意義來(lái)講的。
SectionIV Writing
51.
【參考范文】
Dear Professor Wang,
Iam writing on behalf of our college to invite you to be a judge for the Englishspeech contest which will be held next week。
We know that you are admired by all the students. As college students,we would like to improve our abilities in spoken English as well as writtenEnglish. We would be grateful if you could be the judge for this contest to beheld in Room 102, the Teaching Building on Saturday,June 4th, at 7p.m。
We trust you will be disengaged and able to give us the pleasure of yourcompany. We are looking forward to seeing you。
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
52.
【參考范文】
Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that a mass ofgraduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future. A varietyof choices, such as finding a job, going further education or abroad, and doingpioneering work, lie in front of them.
The implication echoed by this cartoon can besummarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life：the success of a man is directly related to thechoice made by himself. Nevertheless, I cherish a belief that we can not tellwhether the selection is good or not, and as long as we adhere to our decisionsuccess will be realized step by step. Although making choice is essential tohelp determine the direction of our way, judged from the personal aspect, persistencefunctions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assistus to fulfill our study and work. However, some people, pacing up and down, are not industrious and tryto find a short-cut success. In fact, only those who are hard-working and braveenough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summitof success.
It occurs to many that the most fundamental thing to success is making agood choice. But I recommend that graduates as well as all the citizens shouldstruggle to make their choice be a reality.
2013年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院校招生簡(jiǎn)章匯總
