Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average li.festyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.
There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______
[A] work on cheap software
[B] ask for a moderate salary
[C] adopt an average li.festyle
[D] contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______
[A] gains of technology have been erased
[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[C] factories are making much less money than before
[D] new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____
[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution
[B] to ensure more education for people
[C] ro advance economic globalization
[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] New Law Takes Effect
[B] Technology Goes Cheap
[C] Average Is Over
[D] Recession Is Bad
【答案】
【答案詳解】
21．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： A
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細(xì)節(jié)信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第一段的最后兩句“…a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”， 說(shuō)如自動(dòng)化的紡織廠，他們只需要兩個(gè)員工“一個(gè)人外加一條狗。人是負(fù)責(zé)喂狗的，狗是讓人不要靠近機(jī)器的。”近年來(lái)考研閱讀常常用故事或是笑話引出文章所要談?wù)摰闹黝}。因此，我們?cè)倮^續(xù)看第二段內(nèi)容。第二段引出文章話題：全球化和信息科技革命進(jìn)步是造成失業(yè)率居高不下、中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入下降的主要原因。因此選擇答案A。選項(xiàng)B為就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文談?wù)撛掝}向左；選項(xiàng)C現(xiàn)代紡織廠規(guī)模的縮減，望文生義；選項(xiàng)D中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的減少，不是文章談?wù)摰闹攸c(diǎn)，文章重在談?wù)撛斐芍挟a(chǎn)階級(jí)收入的減少的原因。
22. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： D
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，解題的關(guān)鍵在于定位和辨別細(xì)節(jié)信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”，“因此，人人都需要有另外的價(jià)值：異于常人的獨(dú)特價(jià)值能夠讓他們?cè)诟髯缘墓蛡蚴袌?chǎng)上脫穎而出�！� stand out與題干中的successful同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，題干中問(wèn)我們?yōu)榱顺蔀槌晒Φ墓蛦T，他必須怎么做。答案D中的contribute something unique是對(duì)their unique value contribution的同義改寫(xiě)，因此，答案選擇D。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與文章內(nèi)容不相符合。選項(xiàng)A，work on cheap software繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)的軟件；選項(xiàng)B，ask for a moderate salary索要適當(dāng)?shù)男剿�；選項(xiàng)C，adopt an average li.festyle選擇一般的生活方式。
23. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的定位和理解能力。此類題目的解題關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)題干信息定位，本題的“Paragraph 4”，“quotation”即為定位信息。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)第四段引用的Davidson的原話，“2009年之前的十年內(nèi)，美國(guó)工廠裁撤工人速度之快，基本上等于過(guò)去70年新增的工人數(shù)量；大概每三個(gè)工作崗位就有一個(gè)崗位消失了，總共約有600萬(wàn)之多。”可知引用這段話的主題為裁員，且速度很快，這符合B項(xiàng)工作機(jī)會(huì)急速消失，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。AC兩項(xiàng)文章中沒(méi)有提到，D項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)互為相反項(xiàng)，結(jié)合文章來(lái)看工作機(jī)會(huì)在消失而不是出現(xiàn)了新的工作機(jī)會(huì)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
24. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B
考點(diǎn)分析：此題考查考生對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息的把握能力，關(guān)鍵在于定位和對(duì)文章的理解。
選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)題干信息提示“unemployment”，結(jié)合自然段定位法，我們不難定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Here are the latest unemployment rates from…”下面是美國(guó)勞工局對(duì)美國(guó)25歲以上人群的最新失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)：高中學(xué)歷都沒(méi)有的失業(yè)率為13.8%；有高中學(xué)歷醫(yī)學(xué) 全在.線提供
www.med126.com，但沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的為8.7%；有大學(xué)或大專學(xué)歷的為7.7%；有學(xué)士甚至更高學(xué)位的只有4.1%。從這句話可知失業(yè)率主要和員工的受教育程度相關(guān)。因此如果想要減少失業(yè)率，最重要的應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)B“確保更多的人受到教育”。ACD項(xiàng)均和文章不符。
25. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C
考點(diǎn)分析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是全文主旨�？梢愿鶕�(jù)文章中的主要內(nèi)容作答，亦可以根據(jù)以上題目的共同焦點(diǎn)作答。
選項(xiàng)分析：文章第一段通過(guò)一個(gè)笑話指出現(xiàn)代化社會(huì)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步程度，使得勞動(dòng)力大大減少。其余各段進(jìn)一步論證了失業(yè)率的增加，因此一個(gè)追求平庸的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，人們需要提高自身教育水平，才能夠保證不被淘汰。最后一段第一句話再次強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)平庸時(shí)代已經(jīng)正式結(jié)束了。因此選項(xiàng)C為最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。A項(xiàng)“新的法律要實(shí)施”僅在最后一段提到一句，不能涵蓋文章主旨。B項(xiàng)“科技走向廉價(jià)”不符合文意。D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退有害”與文章無(wú)關(guān)。
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