2013年全國碩士研究生考試英語二真題答案及解析(完整版)
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?
Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer’s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.
Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justi.fication
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
答案：
1-5: ADBDC
6-10: BBDBA
11-15: ADCCC
16-20: CABAD
【答案詳解】
1. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點分析] 本題考察邏輯關(guān)系
[選項分析] 因為考察邏輯關(guān)系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息為”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”（一個無現(xiàn)金社會不太可能馬上出現(xiàn))，而文章之前的信息都是在說我們可能馬上就進(jìn)入一個無現(xiàn)金社會醫(yī)學(xué) 全在.線提供www.med126.com，兩者之間出現(xiàn)了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有however符合題意。B. moreover表遞進(jìn) C. therefore 表結(jié)果 D. Otherwise表對比
2. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義
[選項分析] 根據(jù)該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后一句是說這種形式的社會并沒有真正有成果出來，所以前一句應(yīng)該為這樣的預(yù)測已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了二十年。其它選項不符合題意。
3. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞辨析
[選項分析] 該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》預(yù)測電子支付手段“將很快徹底改變貨幣本身的____”。四個選項中，A.為力量 C“歷史” D“角色”，語義不正確，且如果選擇 role的話，應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)roles, 因為是金錢的作用不止一個，故答案選B。
4. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 根據(jù)only知道，空格處所填單詞詞義應(yīng)與前一句的”revolutionize”（變革)發(fā)生同義替換，因此ABCD四個選項中只有D.reverse （顛覆)符合。A. reward 獎賞 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續(xù)。
5. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [C]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]根據(jù)上文得知，早在1975年就預(yù)測了無現(xiàn)金社會可能即將到來，而作者談到實際上“真正的無現(xiàn)金社會很可能不會馬上到來”，因此這種無現(xiàn)金社會只可能緩慢到來，故答案選擇C。 A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady平穩(wěn)的。
6．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 填空所在段開頭although表明對上一段的讓步關(guān)系，上一段的觀點為人們進(jìn)入無現(xiàn)金時代的速度變緩慢的原因。因此這一段應(yīng)該是說明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更方便更高效，然而以下幾個方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會”消失的原因，只有B work against 違背、妨礙，符合題意。A. work for 為…而工作 C. work with 與…共事，對…起作用 D. work on 從事…工作，對…起作用，都不合適。
7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]本填空所在句為對紙幣支付“不會”消失原因的解釋，即推廣電子支付方式不利之處。所以該題選項先排除productive富有成效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛構(gòu)的、富于想象力的”；sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受傷害的”均不符合語義，只能選擇消極含義的選項expensive。
8．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [D]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子貨幣成為____支付方式，將四個選項帶入，C, D是比較恰當(dāng)?shù)�，再結(jié)合本文章的主旨，應(yīng)該選擇“占主導(dǎo)地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，獨創(chuàng)的,都不合適。
9．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [B]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 紙質(zhì)支票支付擁有能夠____收據(jù)的優(yōu)勢，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據(jù)當(dāng)然是由銀行開具，所以只能選擇provide。A. collect 收集收據(jù)，C. copy 復(fù)印收據(jù)，D. print打印收據(jù)都和實際生活不符合。
10．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] [A]
[考點分析] 上下文語義及固定搭配
[選項分析]該動詞短語的賓語是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢，肯定是消費者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢相搭配的動詞短語不能是B. take over接管，也不能是C. bring back拿回來，D. pass down傳遞、遺傳也不符合。A. give up放棄一種優(yōu)勢，符合語境，為正確答案。
11．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系
[選項分析] 本句是來解釋 “float”的�？崭袂懊嬉鉃椤靶枰◣滋臁焙蟀刖湟鉃榧堉眱冬F(xiàn)。上文提到講紙支票的兌現(xiàn)不像是電子支票，是不會馬上完成的，所以在紙支票在兌現(xiàn)前要是需要時間的。A before “在。。。之前”。B after “在。。。之后”。C since “自從”。D when “當(dāng)。。。的時候”。結(jié)合上下文意思，很明顯只有A符合語境。
12. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] D
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 從“and”一詞可以看出此題與此11題緊密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很容易選出。意思是在紙支票兌現(xiàn)及錢從帳戶取出之前，A kept “保持”。B borrowed “借”。C released “釋放，發(fā)布”。D withdraw “取錢”。所以結(jié)合上下文可以得出只有D項符合語境。
13．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系
[選項分析]前句子含義是電子支票是及時的，后半句含義是用戶不能享有“浮動”帶來有好處�？梢钥闯稣湓捠且粋�因為關(guān)系。A .Unless “除非”。 B .Until “直到。。。才”。C.Because “因為”。D .Though “然而”。根據(jù)上下文含義，應(yīng)選C.
14．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 此處是一個短句，明顯缺少一個謂語動詞，通過最后一個單詞concerns可以看出本句的含義是電子支付方式引發(fā)安全及隱私的問題。四個選項中只有raise和concerns搭配時符合文意。所以選C。
15. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點分析] 后置定語
[選項分析]存儲信息是通常有固定的動詞store。所以選C。
16. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] C
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的壞處，本句話意思是“因為這種事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生”，所以形容意思應(yīng)為普遍的，但因為本句用的雙重否定表肯定，所以選填詞匯意思應(yīng)為不普遍的。結(jié)合選項A unsafe “不安全”。B unnatural “不自然的”。C uncommon “不是普遍的” D
unclear “不清楚的”。所以只有C項符合本句話意思。
17. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析
[選項分析] 本句話是講電子支票的存在的風(fēng)險，含義是那些不道德的人就可能通過轉(zhuǎn)移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動詞應(yīng)為貶義，可以排除 [B] [C] [D]選項。故選[A]。
18. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] B
[考點分析] 上下文語義及名詞義辨析
[選項分析] 上文提出電子支票的風(fēng)險，本句話提出解決辦法，但是防止此類詐騙不是容易的事。結(jié)合選項A consideration “考慮”。B prevetion “阻止，防止”。C manipulation “操縱” D jusiti.fication“理由，辯護(hù)”。結(jié)合語境只有B符合。
19. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] A
[考點分析] 動詞固定搭配
[選項分析] 根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個“應(yīng)對”安全問題含義的動詞詞組，所以可以排除C項和D項，B是“對抗，反抗”，A 是“處理應(yīng)對”，所以A項是最佳答案。
20. [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案] D
[選項分析] 上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[考點分析] 本句提出電子支票的另一個風(fēng)險，電子支票可追蹤包括大量有關(guān)個人購物習(xí)慣的信息。根據(jù)文意可以排除A 項和B項，C path “小路，道路,強調(diào)路徑。D trail “痕跡，蹤跡”，符合上下文，所以選D。
