考研命題人張劍教授解析2012年考研真題(四)
第四部分：閱讀理解(Part C 英譯漢)
2012年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題分析
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
…
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. (50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are Line age — specific and not governed by universals。
【答案解析醫(yī)學(xué)全.在線提供】
……
50. 喬姆斯基的語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該顯示出語(yǔ)言變化的模式，這些模式并不受語(yǔ)言譜系或貫穿譜系的路徑的影響；而格林堡的普遍性原則卻預(yù)言了特定的語(yǔ)法詞序關(guān)系類型之間所存在的緊密互依性。
【注釋】 本句是whereas引導(dǎo)的并列句，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。1)主句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句 + 定語(yǔ)從句”。 patterns of language change that are independent of…，可譯為“獨(dú)立于……的語(yǔ)言變化模式”。其中，family tree指“語(yǔ)言譜系”，而不是“族譜”；pathway指的是語(yǔ)言的“發(fā)展路徑”。2)后半句中的whereas譯為 “而……”，co-dependencies意為“緊密互依性”。Particular types of word-order relations意為“特定的語(yǔ)法詞序關(guān)系類型”�？傮w上講，文章的話題較偏，涉及語(yǔ)言學(xué)和語(yǔ)言史。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的同學(xué)比較有利，因?yàn)樗麄冎绬棠匪够透窳直さ热耍约八麄兊睦碚�。而�?duì)于廣大理工科學(xué)生而言，可能文章有一定難度。
