一、考綱要求分析與考試重點(diǎn)概述
根據(jù)考研英語大綱，閱讀理解B節(jié)部分主要考查考生對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。
本題型的內(nèi)容是一篇總長度為500~600詞的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從這6~7段文字中選出5個答案，分別放進(jìn)文章中的5個空白處。此題型所考文章不僅長度長于閱讀理解A節(jié)中的文章(每篇約400~450詞)，閱讀量大，而且文字難度和做題要求也都高于A節(jié)。A節(jié)中的文章是完整的，在通讀文章或查讀細(xì)節(jié)時，思路不會被打斷。而此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個空填錯勢必又影響到對另外一個空的選擇。另外，此題有5個空白處，卻提供6~7個選項(根據(jù)大綱)，因此有1~2個選項是多余的干擾選項，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。
該題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語法知識分析理解長難句的能力�？梢哉f，此題型是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試，因此要求更高�？忌斜匾獙@類題型的答題思路多練習(xí)，以提高自己在這個部分的應(yīng)試能力。
二、考綱樣題分析與詳解
我們先以大綱所附樣題為例，概括地分析一下此類題型的命題特點(diǎn)及解題思路。然后我們再對解題思路進(jìn)行全面的歸納和總結(jié)。
大綱樣題
Part B
Sample One
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41~45, choose the most suitable one from the list ［A］~［G］ to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. (41). Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
(42) . Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
(43) . There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
(44) . Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
(45) . About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.
�。跘］The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
�。跙］Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.
［C］The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.
�。跠］The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.
�。跡］The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sealilies, relations of the starfishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.
�。跢］When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
［G］Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.
