(33) On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes. （出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)高度關(guān)注。第二句This指代第一句陳述的事實(shí)：平均說來，與國際同齡人相比，美國學(xué)生在科學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)方面要學(xué)習(xí)更多的科目。A mile wide and an inch deep屬于形象用法、比喻考點(diǎn)。)
For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider.（作者接著舉例說明美國的教育環(huán)境是a mile wide and an inch deep。)U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支離破碎的) visions" but which are not economic leaders.
33. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice ________.
[定位與替換] 本題問作者對(duì)美國教育實(shí)踐的看法。根據(jù)上面兩段This指代的事實(shí)以及For instance后對(duì)a mile wide and an inch deep的進(jìn)一步解釋可以看出，美國教育注重所開科目的廣度而不重視深度，所以選D) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics只觸及了許多科目的表面。另外，education environment = educational practice。解題的關(guān)鍵是要跨段整合內(nèi)容，并準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別指代和例證的含義。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity犧牲數(shù)量來強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量，和文中內(nèi)容相反；B) offers an environment for comprehensive education為全面綜合教育提供了環(huán)境，文中只提到科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教育，并未出現(xiàn)全面綜合教育的概念；C) encourages learning both in depth and in scope鼓勵(lì)既深入又廣泛地學(xué)習(xí)，這只是美國教育改革的方向，與原文內(nèi)容不一致。
The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington.（本句是某個(gè)專家對(duì)the new report所作的評(píng)價(jià)。文章中出現(xiàn)概括性評(píng)價(jià)之后一般都會(huì)作進(jìn)一步的解釋說明、原因分析等，這是命題者較喜歡的考點(diǎn)。)（34)"The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth." （The new National Education Standards和The new report屬于同義概念。)
34. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will ________.
[定位與替換]本題問新的全國科學(xué)教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是個(gè)好消息的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞The new National Education Standards和good news, 定位到第七段，本題所問的原因在第二句，注意but引起的強(qiáng)調(diào)，故選A) provide depth to school science education使學(xué)校的科學(xué)教育具有深度。解題的關(guān)鍵在于識(shí)別句子之間的關(guān)系。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] B) solve most of the problems in school teaching解決學(xué)校教學(xué)的大部分問題，歪曲并夸張了文章原意；C) be able to meet the demands of the community能夠滿足社區(qū)需求，文中未提及，因?yàn)樾碌娜珖茖W(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為了彌補(bǔ)教育體制的缺陷而制定的；D) quickly dominate U.S. educational practice迅速在美國的教育實(shí)踐中處于支配地位，文中也未提及，而是指出了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將面臨挑戰(zhàn)。
(35) Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.（…因?yàn)槊绹慕逃?zé)任是分散的，它要求任何一項(xiàng)改革只能一次一個(gè)社區(qū)地量身定制。he and Schmidt agree是插入語，而且是專家觀點(diǎn)標(biāo)志詞，緊接著闡述了Implementing the new standards… will be the challenge的原因，考點(diǎn)設(shè)置和34題如出一轍，但相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)閎ecause是明顯的因果關(guān)系考點(diǎn)標(biāo)志詞。)
In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble (嘈雜聲)."
35. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because ________.
[定位與替換] 本題問實(shí)施新的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將會(huì)遇到困難的原因。put sth. into practice = implement, will prove difficult = will be the challenge, 所以本題可準(zhǔn)確定位到倒數(shù)第二段，最后選C) school districts are responsible for making their own decisions學(xué)區(qū)對(duì)自己的決定負(fù)責(zé)。該選項(xiàng)表達(dá)了文中“責(zé)任分散”的意思。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) there is always controversy in educational circles在教育界一直存在爭(zhēng)論，B) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so沒有足夠的教育者意識(shí)到這樣做的重要性，D) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards許多學(xué)校老師質(zhì)疑這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的可接受性，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)文中均無信息支持。
例2、2000年1月四級(jí)閱讀第二篇
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
30. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
A) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.
B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.
C) They are falling out of use in the United States.
D) They are applicable only on broad roads
請(qǐng)用心體會(huì)initially 這個(gè)詞的內(nèi)涵，其實(shí)，你一看到這個(gè)詞，就應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確predict后面可能會(huì)有考點(diǎn)，而且肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)but, however, ultimately 一類的轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比詞。答案B)。
例3、六級(jí)2001年6月閱讀第二篇
For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. ……
Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.
Today Mars looms as humanity’s next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface. Could it be science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at least destined to take a leading role? ……
With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. …..
36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was_____ .
A) to display their country’s military might
B) to accomplish some significant science
C) to find new areas for colonization
D) to pursue commercial and state interests
37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is _____ .
A) international cooperation B) nationalistic reasons
C) scientific research D) long-term profits
注意：economic / commercial / financial / profit ; nationalistic / political / military / cold war / nationalism; science / scientist/ scientific 都是近義詞或同一范疇的詞，也就閱讀文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的同義換詞現(xiàn)象。如果一個(gè)詞的同義詞、相關(guān)詞在一篇文章中多次重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，必定是這篇文章的強(qiáng)調(diào)的地方，必定和考題相關(guān)。另外，請(qǐng)注意這兩道題的考法，先考過去，再考現(xiàn)在，一個(gè)是was, 一個(gè)是is。答案D,C。
例4、考研2004年 Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
….
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs – those it considers the best matches. There maybe more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them – and they do.
44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
A) To focus on better job matches.
B) To attract more returning visits.
C) To reserve space for more messages.
D) To increase the rate of success.
請(qǐng)注意下面句中them是指代什么：then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database. 有的輔導(dǎo)書上是這么翻譯的：然后給網(wǎng)上貼出的對(duì)應(yīng)崗位發(fā)個(gè)郵件/ 當(dāng)…時(shí)，你就通過EMAIL給這些人寄去相關(guān)的資料。其實(shí)，這里them指visitors。比如說你訪問某個(gè)求職網(wǎng)站，登記了你的要求，那么該網(wǎng)站可能會(huì)根據(jù)你的要求給你發(fā)email通知你，這就是所謂的interactive feature.
44題答案B, 實(shí)際上考的是一個(gè)例證題，但是表面上不很容易看出來，這就是考研難的地方。如果你平時(shí)注意分析第一句話和后面句子的關(guān)系，那么你就會(huì)知道， 例證題的答案經(jīng)常指向段落第一句話。答案中attract替換原文tempt。如果你在解題的時(shí)候只注意后面幾句話，就可能會(huì)做錯(cuò)答案或者速度慢了。
例五、考研2002年 Text 4
The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects – a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen – is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____ .
A) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain
B) it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
C) the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
D) patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
答案B, 這幾段里有不少和法律相關(guān)單詞可以學(xué)習(xí)，比如constitutional / rule / supreme court, rule 這個(gè)詞在這里是裁決的意思，很多死背詞匯書的同學(xué)考試中就不一定能夠反應(yīng)出這個(gè)意思。這道題目的干擾項(xiàng)之一C很有意思，大家有沒有注意到strongly這個(gè)詞，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)就錯(cuò)在這里。請(qǐng)看一下第二段Although這句話， 體會(huì)一下這句話的內(nèi)涵（盡管，但是)，這句話的內(nèi)涵是最高法院盡管認(rèn)為醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺是非法的，是持反對(duì)態(tài)度的，但并不是強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)！ 所以大家在做題的時(shí)候一定要注意選項(xiàng)中的形容詞和副詞等限定詞，這些地方經(jīng)常是陷阱，同樣文章中出現(xiàn)這類詞匯也需要高度警惕。
第五步：翻譯文章或者與譯文（如果有)對(duì)照學(xué)習(xí)
這一步最具有挑戰(zhàn)性，但可以使你對(duì)英文的理解更準(zhǔn)確，可以讓你更自由地在中英文之間馳騁。
同學(xué)們?cè)谶M(jìn)行超精讀時(shí)，可以參考以上五個(gè)步驟進(jìn)行。如果還有什么問題，或者我說的不當(dāng)?shù)牡胤�，歡迎一起討論！我的博客地址為：（http://xzding.diandian.net) 另外同學(xué)們也可以到點(diǎn)點(diǎn)英語超精讀專版（http://bbs.diandian.net/index.asp?boardid=147)和廣大英語愛好者一起對(duì)“超精讀”進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)、訓(xùn)練、討論，共同提高英語水平，英語學(xué)習(xí)的道路是永無止境的！
最后引用一個(gè)我與一個(gè)網(wǎng)上同學(xué)的對(duì)話來結(jié)束這篇文章，希望各位同學(xué)都能早日視深刻地理解英語為一種享受，并順利攻克英語這個(gè)堡壘。
問：您說的超精讀 會(huì)花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間的 難道不是嗎?
答： 呵呵，你搞錯(cuò)了，你做題目的時(shí)候是在規(guī)定時(shí)間之內(nèi)完成。研究題目的時(shí)候超精讀，知道嗎？精讀之外，研究好出題點(diǎn)，解題技巧，怎么會(huì)過不了？不花時(shí)間，怎么提高？你不精讀，這次過不了，下次還要再考，更花時(shí)間，浪費(fèi)的是你的青春。
