十分懷念講授寫(xiě)作課的夏天，一個(gè)個(gè)激情四射、汗流浹背的日子。寫(xiě)作課的課時(shí)不多，根據(jù)我授課的內(nèi)容和計(jì)劃，在短短10個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)要把寫(xiě)作的方方面面?zhèn)鬟_(dá)給同學(xué)，從10大困境及相關(guān)對(duì)策，到四大類(lèi)題型構(gòu)思與創(chuàng)作技巧，從高分句型講到功能段落，從歷年真題的考點(diǎn)到結(jié)構(gòu)、思維和語(yǔ)言，從圖畫(huà)講到圖表再到情景和信函……同學(xué)們聽(tīng)得津津有味，結(jié)課時(shí)，卻總感覺(jué)意猶未盡，似乎少了點(diǎn)什么。
的確，課堂上理論和典型范文都分析了，也全面闡釋了句型模式和寫(xiě)作提高的各種訓(xùn)練方法，惟獨(dú)由于時(shí)間有限，沒(méi)有進(jìn)行大量語(yǔ)言細(xì)節(jié)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)訓(xùn)練，而寫(xiě)作的提高恰恰需要大量細(xì)節(jié)的分析和磨練，想到此至今還有些愧疚，一直想完成這個(gè)未完成的使命。課堂上一個(gè)重要的主題是關(guān)于英語(yǔ)創(chuàng)作的重要規(guī)律——seeking variety （追求語(yǔ)言豐富多變)。如何追求變化？課堂上來(lái)不及細(xì)說(shuō)，下面舉一個(gè)具體的例子，是我在考研教材中隨機(jī)選出的兩句話，從各種角度給出句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方式，提供一些思路，算是我對(duì)各位同學(xué)的補(bǔ)償吧。
下面例句選自一篇考研圖畫(huà)作文范文，主題是諷刺濫用簡(jiǎn)化字（simplified character)的現(xiàn)象。圖畫(huà)描述一個(gè)“展銷(xiāo)會(huì)”的指示牌被簡(jiǎn)化成了“尸銷(xiāo)會(huì)”，兩名過(guò)路人受到驚嚇、當(dāng)場(chǎng)暈菜的場(chǎng)面。圖畫(huà)作文的首段往往要求進(jìn)行圖畫(huà)場(chǎng)景描述，范文的開(kāi)篇就有了這樣兩句話：
The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard， and being shocked at the message. This is because the billboard is advertising a“sale of the dead bodies”。
語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤：
首先需要糾正的是句子出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤：第2句一開(kāi)始，在This is之后使用了because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，不符合語(yǔ)法要求。一般情況下，后面往往接名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)或形容詞性結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。此處只是作者想當(dāng)然地把漢語(yǔ)“這是因?yàn)椤鄙驳胤g了出來(lái)，屬于典型的Chinglish，口語(yǔ)中倒是屢見(jiàn)不鮮，而寫(xiě)作中則要有嚴(yán)格的語(yǔ)法觀念，不能使用這樣的表達(dá)。
This is because the billboard is advertising a“sale of the dead bodies”。
可修改為表語(yǔ)從句形式：The reason is that the billboard is advertising a“sale of the dead bodies.”
詞語(yǔ)變化
段首句的picture、show和后面的shock可以選用其它同義詞替換：
picture / cartoon / caricature
show / describe / depict / illustrate / portray
shock / amaze / astound / astonish /surprise
段首句變化
圖畫(huà)作文的段首句往往是“如圖所示”或“從圖畫(huà)中可以看出”之類(lèi)，下面為經(jīng)常采用的一些句型：
As is shown in the picture，
As can be seen from the picture，
It is vividly shown in the picture that……
We can see in this picture that……
It is of considerable interest to see in the bizarre picture that……
因果表達(dá)變化
由于第二個(gè)句子是揭示原因的，英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中的因果關(guān)系詞又非常豐富，所以句子改造就有了多種可能，感興趣的同學(xué)不妨來(lái)個(gè)腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎，用以下表達(dá)來(lái)試試你的創(chuàng)造力（此處大概有20種可能的因果變化)：
因果關(guān)系表達(dá)：
as， since， because， for， for the reason that， the reason（why…) is that
due to， because of， as a result of， on account of
so， thus， therefore， as a result， that''s why，
cause， lead to， result in， result from， attribute…to…， be responsible for
例1：The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard,and being shocked at the message due to the advertisement of asale of the dead bodies.
例2：The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. Their being shocked at the message can be attributed to the advertisement of asale of the dead bodies.
句式轉(zhuǎn)換：
為了加強(qiáng)同學(xué)們對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)在寫(xiě)作中的靈活應(yīng)用，下面給出14種句式及語(yǔ)言調(diào)整的效果，內(nèi)容上沒(méi)有太大差異，只是請(qǐng)辨別每句話所側(cè)重的句式：
1.表語(yǔ)從句
The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard,and being shocked at the message. The reason is that the billboard is advertising asale of the dead bodies.
2.介詞短語(yǔ)
In the picture,two people are reading the announcement and they are being shocked at the message ofa sale of dead bodieson a billboard.
3.疑問(wèn)句
The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. Why are they so shocked?The reason is that the billboard is advertising asale of the dead bodies.
4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句
The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. As the billboard is advertising asale of the dead bodies, they are shocked at the message.
5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. The billboard is advertising asale of the dead bodiesso that they are shocked at the message.
6.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
in the picture, while the two people are reading the announcement on the billboard abouta sale of the dead bodies, they are being deeply shocked.
7.分詞短語(yǔ)
In the picture, reading the message of a sale of the dead bodiesadvertised on the billboard, the two people are deeply shocked.
8.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
In the picture, the announcement on a billboard advertising asale of the dead bodiesshocks the two people reading it.
9. There be結(jié)構(gòu)
In the picture, there is an announcement on a billboard advertising asale of the dead bodiesand shocking the two people reading it.
10.倒裝句
On a billboard is an announcement advertising asale of the dead bodies.The two people reading it are being shocked.
11.定語(yǔ)從句
In the picture,the announcement on a billboard which advertises asale of the dead bodiesshocks the two people reading it.
12.強(qiáng)調(diào)句
In the picture,it is the announcement on a billboard advertising asale of the dead bodiesthat shocks the two people reading it.
13.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
In the picture,were it not for the announcement on the billboard advertising asale of the dead bodies,the two people would not be so shocked.
14.復(fù)雜書(shū)面語(yǔ)
It is of considerable interest to observe in this bizarre caricature that a couple of citizens,reading an announcement issued on the billboard,are taken aback as a result of the astounding message which informs people of asale of dead bodies.
句中使用的詞組包括：be of considerable interest， a couple of， taken aback， as a result of， inform sb. of
長(zhǎng)句采用的特殊語(yǔ)法包括：賓語(yǔ)從句+分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做插入語(yǔ)+分詞作后置定語(yǔ)（issued)+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)+原因短語(yǔ)+定語(yǔ)從句
句式轉(zhuǎn)換可以考慮的方式
如果大家對(duì)句型轉(zhuǎn)換依然缺乏信心，我就為大家提供以下的思路作為參考。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，以下12種措施是可以考慮的�？梢愿鶕�(jù)句子的內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行靈活置換。
1.主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換
2.There be結(jié)構(gòu)的采用；It is放在句首的形式
3.同位語(yǔ)的設(shè)置
4.疑問(wèn)句形式
5.否定和雙重否定形式
6.倒裝句形式
7.強(qiáng)調(diào)句形式
8.虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式
9.各類(lèi)從句形式
六大類(lèi)從句：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、同謂語(yǔ)從句
其中狀語(yǔ)從句可以考慮9種：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句
10.連續(xù)短句和長(zhǎng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
11.簡(jiǎn)單用詞和書(shū)面語(yǔ)詞組、固定句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
12.修辭形式的考慮，如比喻和排比
