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2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《綜合類(lèi)A級(jí)》真題及答案(匯總)
第四部分：閱讀理解
短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇 The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government， it is not a rich government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.
The attention of the public was the first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and the castles of Britain by the death of the Lord Lothian， who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust‘s “Country House Scheme” Under this scheme， with the help of the Government and the general public， the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about 150 of these oil houses. Lats year， about 1.75 million people paid to visit these historic houses， usually at a very small charge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces， the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills， nature reserves， 540 farms and nearly 2500 cottages or small village houses， as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build， develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original 16th century style. Over 4，000 acres of coastline ， woodland， and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace， beauty and wildlife.
Over the past 80 years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life. It helps to preserve all that and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
31. The National Trust is a
A. Government agency depending on voluntary services.
B. Non-profit organization depending on voluntary services.
C. Government department but is not rich.
D. Private organization supported by the government.
答案：B
32. The National Trust is dedicated to
A. Preserving the best public enjoyment.
B. Providing the public with free access to historic buildings.
C. Offering better services to visitors home and abroad.
D. Protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings.
答案：D
33. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Lord Lothian
A. Donated all his money to the Trust.
B. Started the “Country House Scheme”。
C. Saved many old country bouses in Britain.
答案：D
34. All the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT
A. The Trust is more interested in protecting the 16th century houses.
B. Many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust.
C. Visitors can get free access to some places owned by the Trust.
D. The Trust has a story which is longer than 80 years.
35. The word “invade” in Paragraph 4 is closet in meaning to
A. Come in without permission.
B. Enter with invitation.
C. Visit in large numbers.
D. Appear all of a sudden.
答案：C
第二篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer
Post-menopausal（絕經(jīng)后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly， a study has suggested. The report， which followed 73，000 women for 17 years， found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.
A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week，but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study， published in Cancer Epidemiology， Biomarkers&Prevention， followed 73.615 women out of 97，785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993，so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.
They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking， swimming and aerobics（有氧運(yùn)動(dòng))and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women，47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.
Dr. Alpa Patel， a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta， Georgia， who led the study， said：“Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking， promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity， just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”“More strenuous（緊張的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”
Baroness Delyth Morgan， chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign， said：“This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”
She added：“We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”
36. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the EXCEPT________
A. breathing exercise
B. regular walking
C. recreational activity
D. lifestyle choices
答案：A
37. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel‘s study that____.
A. women have fewer chances of physical activity
B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer
C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk
D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer
答案：B
38. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.
A. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology.
B. chair of the American Cancer Society.
C. head of the survey study.
D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign.
答案：B
39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？
A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.
B. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women.
C. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.
D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women
答案：C
40. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. affordable
B. available
C. persistent
D. continuable
答案：D
第三篇 How We Form First Impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why？ Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her - aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits？
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits. Even very minor difference in how a person‘s eyes， ears， nose， or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact， your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information - the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming signals are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex（皮質(zhì)) system to determine what these new signals “mean”。
If you see someone you know and like at school， your brain says “familiar and safe”。 If you see someone new， it says， “new and potentially threatening”。 Then your brain starts to match features of this strangers with other “known” memories. The more unfamiliar the characteristics， the more your brain may say， “This is new， I don‘t like this person” Or else， “I’m intrigued（好奇的)”。 Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes， ethnicity， gestures - like your other friends； so your brain says： “I like this person”。 But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people， we use a less mature form of thinking （not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people - their history， interest， values， strengths， and true character - we categorize them as jocks（騙子)， peeks（反常的人)， or freaks（怪人)。
However， if we resist initial stereotypical impressions， we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person， hear about his or her life， hopes， dreams， and become aware of our cortex， which allow us to be humane.
41.Our first impression of someone new is influenced by his or her.
A.past experience.
B.character.
C.facial features.
D.hobbies.
答案：C
42.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures， your brain is most likely to say
A. “He is familiar and safe.”
B. “He is new and potentially threatening.”
C. “I like this person.”
D. “This is new， I don‘t like this person.”
答案：C
43.The word “preliminary” in Paragraph 3 is closet in meaning to
A.simplistic.
B.stereotypical.
C.initial
D.categorical
答案：C
44.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because
A.we neglect their depth and breadth.
B.they are not all jocks， peeks， or freaks.
C.our thinking is similar to that of a very young child.
D.our judgment is always wrong.
答案：A
45.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage？
A.One‘s physical appearance can influence our first impression.
B.Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain.
C.Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong.
D.We should adopt mature thinking when getting to know people.
答案：B
