8、量詞的使用：
由于英語(yǔ)中名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，量詞的使用也有區(qū)別：
修飾可數(shù)名詞
(a) few / fewer / fewest
many / more / most
a great (good) many
many a
a number of
the number of
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞 也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞
a lot of / lots of
plenty of (time, money, people)
修飾不可數(shù)名詞
(a) little / less / least
much / more / most
a great (good) deal of
an amount of / amounts of
the amount of
量詞使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
1) 分清可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞是前提;
2) 不要把量詞的形式搞混淆了：下面哪個(gè)表達(dá)形式是對(duì)的?
A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.
B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.
C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.
D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
以上六個(gè)表達(dá)方式中只有F 是對(duì)的。為什么?
A. a lot students → a lot of students
B. a few of the students → a few students
C. a great many of students → a great many students
D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of 表示數(shù)目，如：The number of the students in our class is 50.
A number of 表示"一些"，"不少"，認(rèn)真對(duì)比一下，看出問(wèn)題來(lái)了嗎?
問(wèn)多少錢、多少重量時(shí)用：How much…?問(wèn)距離時(shí)用：How far is it from…to…?
9、單位詞的使用
(1) 不可數(shù)名詞表示多少，一般用much, (a) little, a lot of, enough 等詞表達(dá)，要數(shù)1，2，3，4…時(shí)要用"量詞"表達(dá)，最常用的是a piece of (news, advice, furniture, information…)。
(2) 成雙成對(duì)的名詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，如：a pair of trousers (褲子) / scissors(剪刀) / glasses (spectacles)(眼鏡) / pliers(鉗子)
(3) a couple of表示一對(duì)，或2-3…，如：a couple of days / people / things
(4) 記住以下量詞表達(dá)方式：
a loaf (two loafs) of bread (一個(gè)(兩個(gè))面包)
a burst of laughter(一陣笑聲)
a fit of anger / chill(一陣發(fā)怒 / 發(fā)冷)
a game of chess (一盤棋)
a lump of sugar (一塊方糖)
10、其他應(yīng)注意的數(shù)的表達(dá)形式
1)a three-year-old boy 比較The boy is three years old
2) five thousand people / several thousand people比較 thousands of people
表達(dá)具體數(shù)字時(shí)，thousand不加 "s"，后面不加 "of "; ten, million, billion情況以此類推。
3) One-third of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.
Two-thirds of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.
One-third of the population in this area is living below the poverty line.
(這個(gè)地區(qū)有1/3人口生活在貧困線以下。)
注意：幾分之幾的表達(dá)形式;動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的名詞數(shù)決定。
4) a looker-on 比較two lookers-on(旁觀者) / a brother-in-law比較two brothers-in-law(姻親兄弟)
5) my father, together with (along with / with / as well as my mother and brothers) 結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)作單數(shù)處理，即my father
11、不定代詞的數(shù)
英語(yǔ)中要對(duì) "2 "這個(gè)數(shù)特別敏感：
1) 兩個(gè)中一個(gè)、另一個(gè)： one , the other; 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中另一個(gè)：another / any one
2) 兩個(gè)都：both; 兩個(gè)都不：neither; 兩個(gè)中任一個(gè)：either
3) 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上都：all; 都不：none
4) 不知總數(shù)：一些：some ;另一些：others(有余數(shù))
5) 知道總數(shù)：一些：some ; 另一些 (沒(méi)有余數(shù)了)：the others
注意以下表達(dá)方式：each other / one another / one after another / one by one / the other day (過(guò)去的某一天)/ some day (今后的某一天) / every other day (隔天)/ on alternative days(隔天)/ someone else (別人) / something (anything, nothing) else (別的事)
實(shí)例：
I'm sorry, I'm a stranger, too. You may ask ______ across the street.
A. another one
B. others
C. the other one
D. someone else
解題思路：雖然A、B、C沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，但D是習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式。
2015年職稱外語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試報(bào)名指南
