第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；(2)第27---30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
Ways to Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution
1 A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution．It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1 986 Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster．The report was published by the UK’S Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution．But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot，it turns out．
2 Avoid walking in busy streets．Choose side streets and parks instead．Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust furies(廢氣)．Also don’t walk behind smokers．Walk on the windward(頂風(fēng)的)side of the street where exposure of pollutants(污染物)can be 50 percent less than on the downwind(順風(fēng)的)side．
3 Sifting on the driver’S side of a bus can increase your exposure by 1 0 percent，compared with sitting on the side realest the pavement．Sifting upstairs on a double—decked(雙層電車(chē))can reduce exposure．It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus．Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic(有毒的)than that at street level，because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles(粒子)thrown up by wheels hitting the rails，while diesel(柴油機(jī))and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants．
4 When you are crossing a road，stand well back from the curb(路緣)while you wait for the light to change。Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic．As the traffic begins to move，fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds。So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference，even though it might sound silly．
5 There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours．Pollution levels fall during nighttime．The time of year also makes a big difference．Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest．Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build—up of pollutants．
23 Paragraph 2_________
24 Paragraphs 3_________
25 Paragraph 4_________
26 Paragraph 5________
A When you get up
B Where you stand while waiting to cross a road
C Where you walk
D Where you sit on a bus and how you travel
E When you go to bed
F When pollution levels rise and fall
27 Air pollution can be as harmful to one's health___________
28 Traveling on an underground train can reduce exposure___________
29 Pollution levels are lower__________
30 It's wise to stay away from heavy traffic____________
A on the downwind side
B during rush hours
C in spring and autumn
D to toxic air
E between autumn and winter
F as exposure to nuclear radiation
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
第一篇Stop Eating Too Much
Clean your plate! ”and“ Be a member of the clean—plate club! "Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent．Often，it's accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans(孤兒)in Africa!”Sure，we should be grateful for every bite of food．Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites． Instead of staying“clean the plate”，perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow． According to news reports，US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子)．A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government；according to a USA Today story．Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants tyro give them that． They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little． Barbara Rolls，a nutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA- faddy that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1 970s，the same time that the American waistline(腰圍)began to expand． Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now， apparently, some customers are calling for this too．The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large；23 percent had no opinion；20 percent disagreed．But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions．Seventy percent of those earn at least $150，000 per year prefer smaller portions；but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25，000 want smaller． It's not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy．It's just that，after long hours at low—paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal．They live from paycheck(薪金支票)to paycheck，happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents．
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