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SPECIFIC AND PROFOUND TCM | |
| TCM, one of China's splendid cultural heritages, is the science dealing with human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. TCM summed up the experience of the Chinese people in their long struggle against diseases and, under the influence of ancient naive materialism and dialectics, evolved into a unique, integral system of medical theory through long clinical practice. During several thousand years it has made great contributions to the promotion of health, the proliferation and prosperity of the Chinese nation, and the enrichment and development of world medicine as well. The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was greatly influenced by ancient Chinese materialism and dialectics. The theoretical system takes the physiology and pathology of zang-fu organs and meridians as its basis, and TDS as its diagnostic and therapeutic features. | 中醫(yī)是中國(guó)輝煌的傳統(tǒng)文化之一，它是一門(mén)涉及人體生理、病理、診斷、治療和疾病預(yù)防的科學(xué)。它是在古代樸素的唯物主義和辨證法的影響下對(duì)中國(guó)人民長(zhǎng)期與疾病斗爭(zhēng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)， 并在長(zhǎng)期的臨床實(shí)踐中演化成了一套獨(dú)特完整的醫(yī)學(xué)理論。在過(guò)去的幾千年里，中醫(yī)為中華人民健康水平的提高、民族的繁榮昌盛及世界醫(yī)學(xué)的豐富及發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。中醫(yī)理論系統(tǒng)的形成受到古代中國(guó)的唯物主義和辯證法的極大影響。這套理論系統(tǒng)以臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)的生理病理為基礎(chǔ)，以辨證論治為其診斷特色。 |
| TCM has its own specific understanding both in the physiological functions and pathological changes of the human body and in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. TCM regards the human body itself as an organic whole interconnected by zang-fu organs, meridians and collaterals.And TCM also holds that the human body is closely related to the outside world. In regard to the onset and development of a disease, TCM attaches great importance to the endogenous pathogenic factors, namely the seven emotion, but it by no means excludes the exogenous pathogenic factors, namely the six pathogens. In diagnosis, TCM takes the four diagnostic methods ( inspection, auscultation ant olfaction,inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation as its principal tcchniques, eight principal syndromes as its general guideline, and differentiation of syndrome according to the zang-fu theory, differentiation of syndromes according to the six-meridian theory, and differentiation of syndromes according to the theory of wei, qi, ying and xue as its basic theories of the differentiation of syndromes. It also stresses the prevention and preventive treatment of disease, and puts forward such therapeutic principles as "treatment aiding at the root cause of disease". "strengthening vital qi and dispelling pathogens, regulating yin and yang and treating diseases in accordance with three conditions" (i. e. the climatic and seasonal conditiont, geographic localities and the patient's constitution). gydjdsj.org.cn | 中醫(yī)在對(duì)人體的生理功能、病理改變和診治疾病方面有其獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解。它把人體看作一個(gè)以臟腑和經(jīng)絡(luò)相互聯(lián)系的有機(jī)整體并認(rèn)為人體與其外界環(huán)境也是息息相關(guān)的。中醫(yī)高度重視內(nèi)因即所謂的“七情”在疾病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程中所起的作用，但也決不排除外因的作用即所謂的“六yin”。在診斷方面，中醫(yī)以四診（望、聞、問(wèn)、切)為技術(shù)原則、八綱辨證為指導(dǎo)總綱并把臟腑辨證、六經(jīng)辨證、衛(wèi)氣營(yíng)血辨證作為其辨證論治的基礎(chǔ)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)“未病先防”、“治病求本”、“扶正祛邪”、“調(diào)整陰陽(yáng)”和“三因制宜”（因時(shí)、因地、因人制宜)的重要性。醫(yī)學(xué)全在線 |
| These characteristicts, however, can be generalized as the holistic concept and treatment by differentiation of syndromes (TDS) | 然而，對(duì)以上的中醫(yī)特點(diǎn)可以用“整體觀念”和“辨證論治”加以概括。 |
| l. The Holistic Concept | 1.整體觀念 |
| By "the holistic concept" is meant a general idea of, on the one hand, the unity) and integrity within the human body and, on the other, its close relationship with the outer world. The human body is composed of various organs and tissues, each having its own distinct function, which is a component part of the life activities of the whole body. And in TCM the human body is regarded as an organic whole in which its constituent parts are inseparable in structure, interrelated and interdependent in physiology, and mutually influential in pathology. Meanwhile, man lives in nature, and nature provides the conditions indispensible to man's survival. So it follows that the human body is bound to be affected directly or indirectly by the changes of nature, to which the human body, in turn, makes corresponding responses. TCM says: "Physicians have to know the law of nature and geographical conditions when diagnosing and treating diseases." That's why TCM not only stresses the unity of the human body itself but also attaches great importance to the interrelationship between the body and nature in diagnosing and treating diseases. |
整體觀念的總思想是一方面認(rèn)為人體是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的整體，另一方面認(rèn)為人體與其外界環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。人體由不同的臟腑組織組成，每個(gè)臟腑組織都有其獨(dú)特的功能并都是整個(gè)人體進(jìn)行生命活動(dòng)的組成部分。中醫(yī)把人體看作一個(gè)有機(jī)人體認(rèn)為人體的各部分在生理上相互聯(lián)系和相互獨(dú)立，在病理上相互影響。同時(shí)，因?yàn)槿祟惿钤谧匀恢�，自然提供給人類賴以生存的環(huán)境，所以人體就會(huì)直接或間接的受到自然環(huán)境變化的影響并產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為醫(yī)生在診治疾病時(shí)應(yīng)該熟悉自然規(guī)律和地理環(huán)境。這便是中醫(yī)為何在診治疾病時(shí)既強(qiáng)調(diào)人體為一整體也重視人體與自然環(huán)境相互作用的關(guān)系。 |
| 2. Treatment by Differentiation of Syndromes | 2.辨證論治 |
| TCM, on the other hand, is characterized by TDS. Differentiation means comprehensive analysis, while syndrome refere to symptoms and signs. So differentiation of syndromes implies that the patient's symptoms and signs collected by the four diagnostic methods are analyzed and summarized so as to identify the etiology, nature and location of a disease, and the relation between vital qi and pathogens, thereby determining what syndrome the disease belongs to. By treatment is meant selecting the corresponding therapy according to the outcome of differentiating syndromes. Taken as a whole, TDS means diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs. | 中醫(yī)的另一特色是辨證論治�！氨孀C”即綜合分析相關(guān)的癥狀，因此辨證意味著將四診收集到的癥狀加以分析和總結(jié)確定疾病的病理、病性、病位和邪正關(guān)系，從而確定疾病的證型。“論治”指的是根據(jù)辨證的結(jié)果選擇相應(yīng)的治療�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō)，辨證論治即在對(duì)癥狀的全面分析基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行診治。 |
| As concerns the relationship between "disease" and "treatment", TCM takes two different clinical ways on the basis of TDS. One is "treating the same disease with different therapies", by which is meant that the same disease may manifest itself in different syndromes at different stages or under different conditions. Therefore, the therapies of the same diease should be adopted towards different therapies according to the patient's constitution, the geographical environment, the climatic and seasonal changes. Take flu for example, it may be caused by wind-cold，wind-heat, summer-heat and dampness or other pathogens. So is advisable to adopt dispersing wind-cold, eliminating wind-heat, clearing away summer-heat and dampness respectively. The other is called "treating different diseases with the same therapy", by which is meant that different diseases manifesting themselves in the same syndrome may be treated with the same therapy. For example prolapse of the rectum due to protracted diarrhea and hysteroptosis are two different diseases. However, if they are both marked by themselves in the same syndrome of qi of sinking of the middle energizer, they can be treated in the same therapy by lifting qi of the middie energizer. From the above it becomes obvious that TCM does not focus its attention on similarities or dissimilarities between diseases but on the differences between the syndromes. Generally speaking, the same syndromes are treated with basically same therapies, while different syndromes with different ones. | 關(guān)于疾病和治療的關(guān)系，中醫(yī)在辨證論治的基礎(chǔ)上存在兩種治療途徑。一種是“同病異治”，即同一疾病在不同環(huán)境、不同階段下會(huì)顯示出不同的證候，因此，對(duì)同一疾病應(yīng)根據(jù)患者的體質(zhì)、地理環(huán)境的不同和天氣季節(jié)的變化采取不同的治療措施。例如流感可以由風(fēng)寒、風(fēng)熱、暑濕之邪造成，所以治療應(yīng)相應(yīng)的采取祛風(fēng)散寒、疏散風(fēng)熱和清暑化濕的方法。另一種是“異病同治”，即不同的疾病出現(xiàn)相同的證候可以采取相同的治療。例如瀉泄引起的脫肛和子宮下垂是兩種不同的疾病，然而，如果它們都是以中焦之氣下陷引起相同的證候?yàn)樘卣鞯脑捑涂梢圆扇∠嗤闹委煛嶂薪怪畾�。從以上，顯而易見(jiàn)，中醫(yī)并不是注重疾病之間的相似和不相似，而是重視證候的相同與否。總而言之，相同的證候采取相同的治療方法，不同的證候采取不同的治療方法。
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| To sum up, the principle that different contradictions in essence are handled by different methods in the course of development of a disease is the core of TDS. |
總之，原則是在疾病的發(fā)展過(guò)程中不同的本質(zhì)矛盾應(yīng)采取不同的方法，這就是辨證論治的核心。 |
