2012軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院同等學(xué)力申碩英語詞匯語法精講
不定代詞:代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。
1復(fù)合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語,應(yīng)放在它們的后面。
如:Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,麗麗,門外有人。)
Di(每個人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上個星期天你來學(xué)校時(shí)見到什么人了嗎?)
He has nothing much to do today.(他今天沒有多少事情做)
2.one與ones用來代替上文的一個或多個人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。
如: Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件?
I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜歡綠色的那些)
3.so可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語或表語。
如:I don’t think so.(我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。)
He lost a book. So did I.(他丟失了一本書,我也是。)
4.a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的區(qū)別:
五個“名詞+介詞”短語都表示“大量,許多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為much和many;plenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式)可以換為much。
如:
A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢。)
I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不著趕忙,因?yàn)槲矣谐渥愕臅r(shí)間。)
I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫)
I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在購物方面我花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間/金錢。)
5.none、no one、nobody的區(qū)別:
no one和nobody都表示“沒有人”,僅指人,后面不跟of 短語,作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式;none表示“沒有一個人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語,作主語時(shí)謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
如:
No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的)
Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。)
None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒有一個朋友來看我。