SCI醫(yī)學(xué)論文討論部分寫作要點(diǎn)
討論部分是一篇SCI論文中一個(gè)很重要的部分,其寫作要點(diǎn)包括以下:
Discussion:
A. 怎樣提出觀點(diǎn):在提出自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí),采取什么樣的策略很重要,不合適的句子通常會(huì)遭到reviewer置疑。(1)如果觀點(diǎn)不是這篇文章最新提出的,通常 要用We confirm that……(2)對(duì)于自己很自信的觀點(diǎn),可用We believe that……(3)通常,由數(shù)據(jù)推斷出一定的結(jié)論,用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……(4) 在極其特別時(shí)才可用We put forward(discover, observe)……”for the first time”來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的創(chuàng)新……(5) 如果自己對(duì)所提出的觀點(diǎn)不完全肯定,可用We tentatively put forward (interrprete this to…)Or The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to resulted from……Or This is probably a consequence of……It seems that……can account for (interpret) this……Or It is posible that it stem from……要注意這些結(jié)構(gòu)要合理搭配。如果通篇是類型1)和5),那這篇文章的意義就大打折扣。如果全是2)論文客服QQ,81995535,肯定會(huì)遭到置疑。所以要仔細(xì)分析自己成果的創(chuàng)新性以及可信度。
B. 連接詞與邏輯:寫英文論文最常見(jiàn)的毛病是文章的邏輯不清楚,解決方法如下。
(1)注意句子上下連貫,不能讓句子獨(dú)立。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有,However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好連接詞能使文章層次清楚,意思明確。比如,敘述有時(shí)間順序的事件或文獻(xiàn),最早的文獻(xiàn)可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下來(lái)可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下來(lái),可用Afterwards, CC……如果還有,可用More recent studies by DD……如果敘述兩種觀點(diǎn),要把它們截然分開(kāi)AA put forward that……In contrast, BB believe or Unlike AA, BB suggest or On the contrary (表明前面觀點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤),如果只表明兩種觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立,用in contrast BB……如果兩種觀點(diǎn)相近,可用AA suggest……Similarily, alternatively, BB……Or Also, BB or BB allso does……表示因果或者前后關(guān)系可用Consequently, therefore, as a result……表明遞進(jìn)關(guān)系可用furthermore, further, moreover, in addition……寫完一段英文,最好首先檢查是否較好地應(yīng)用了這些連接詞。
(2) 注意段落布局的整體邏輯:經(jīng)常我們要敘述一個(gè)問(wèn)題的幾個(gè)方面。這種情況下,一定要注意邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段要明確告訴讀者你要討論幾個(gè)部份…… Therefore, there are three aspects of this problem have to be addressed. The first question involves……The second problem relates to……The third aspect deals with……清晰地把觀點(diǎn)逐層敘述。也可以直接用First, Second, Third, Finally……當(dāng)然,F(xiàn)urthermore, in addition等可以用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
(3) 討論部份的整體結(jié)構(gòu):小標(biāo)題是把問(wèn)題分為幾個(gè)片段的好方法。通常第一個(gè)片段指出文章最重要的數(shù)據(jù)或結(jié)果;補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明部份放在最后一個(gè)片段。一定要明白,文章 的讀者分為多個(gè)檔次;除了本專業(yè)的專業(yè)人士讀懂以外,一定要想辦法能讓更多的外專業(yè)人讀懂。所以可以把討論部份分為兩部份,一部份提出觀點(diǎn),另一部份詳細(xì) 介紹過(guò)程以及論述的依據(jù)。這樣專業(yè)外的人士可以了解文章的主要觀點(diǎn),比較專業(yè)的討論他可以把它當(dāng)成黑箱子,而這一部份本專業(yè)人士可以進(jìn)一步研究。
C. 討論部分包括什么內(nèi)容?(1)主要數(shù)據(jù)及其特征的總結(jié)論文客服QQ,81995535;(2)主要結(jié)論及與前人觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)比;(3) 本文的不足。對(duì)第三點(diǎn),一般作者看來(lái)不可取,但事實(shí)上給出文章的不足恰恰是保護(hù)自己文章的重要手段。如果刻意隱藏文章的漏洞,覺(jué)得別人看不出來(lái),是非常不 明智的。所謂不足,包括以下內(nèi)容:(1)研究的問(wèn)題有點(diǎn)片面,討論時(shí)一定要說(shuō),It should be noted that this study has examined only……
We concentrate (focus) on only……We have to point out that we do not……Some limitations of this study are……(2)結(jié)論有些不足,The results do not imply……The results can not be used to determine(or be taken as evidence of)……Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data……Our results are lack of……但指出這些不足之后,一定要馬上再次加強(qiáng)本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段來(lái)解決這些不足,為別人或者自己的下一步研究打下伏筆。Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggest……
However, these problems could be solved if we consider……Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate……用中文來(lái)說(shuō)這是左右逢源,把審稿人想到的問(wèn)題提前給一個(gè)交代,同時(shí)表明你已經(jīng)在思考這些問(wèn)題,但是由于文章長(zhǎng)度,試驗(yàn)進(jìn)度或者試驗(yàn)手段的制約,暫時(shí)不能回答這些問(wèn)題。但通過(guò)你的一些建議,這些問(wèn)題在將來(lái)的研究中有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
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