Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
But there is also a different way to look at the data.
Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.
But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.
These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.
"The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is. "
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.
41.Jay Deuwell
42. Jason Stenquist
43. Birgit Klohs
44. Rob Spohr
45.Julie Parks
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don't need much skill.
[C] points out that the US doesn't manufacture anything anymore.
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.
[E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people's parents.
參考答案：
EAGBF
41. 41.E。【解祈】根據(jù)Jay Deuwell定位至第五段第三行，該段第二行為其直接引語(yǔ)“They’re harder?to?find?and?they?have?job?offers”，把?they?還原為五段句苢?factory?owners。五段前兩句 話(huà)中細(xì)書(shū)信息factory?owners、stiff?competition、harder?to?find均與E選項(xiàng)中大量信息構(gòu)成替換，故選E。
42.A�！窘馄怼扛鶕�(jù)Jason?Stenquist定位至第七段首句，在該段后兩句，提到he?considered medical?school?before?switching?to?electronical?engineering?以及?I?love?working?with?tools?均能和A選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)相符，故選A。
43.?G�！窘馄怼扛鶕�(jù)Birgit Klohs定位至第八段第五行，人名前—句提到they blame it on the manufacturing?recession,代詞承前指代，上一句提到了?their?father?and?mother?both?were?laid off,這兩句和G選項(xiàng)中信息能夠成完全的同意替換，故選G醫(yī)學(xué)全.在.線(xiàn).提供. www.gydjdsj.org.cn。
44.B�！窘馄怼扛鶕�(jù)Rob Spohr定位至第十段第二行，該段第三行提到there are?enough?people to?fill?the?jobs?at?McDonalds?and?other?places?'vhere?you?don’t?need?to?have?much?skill,該句能跟B選項(xiàng)完全地同意替換，故選B。
45.F�！窘馄怼扛鶕�(jù)MieParks，定位至第末端首行，在第二行提到luring…into?manufacturing: a?work?life?balance，lure和attract構(gòu)成同意替換，該句和F選項(xiàng)意思相同，故選F。
點(diǎn)擊查看：2017年醫(yī)學(xué)考研真題及答案匯總
2017年醫(yī)學(xué)考研成績(jī)查詢(xún)
