考研英語：狀語從句詳解
攻克考研英語長難句，掌握必要的語法知識(shí)尤為重要。非謂語動(dòng)詞短語的形式包括動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，它們?cè)诰渥又锌梢猿洚?dāng)不同的句子成分，今天小編和大家一起談?wù)劮衷~作狀語的八類情況。
一、表時(shí)間,可以和時(shí)間狀語從句互換。如：
Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.=
When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. =
When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
二、表原因,可以和原因狀語從句互換。如：
Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. =
Because I did not know her address, I wasn’t able to contact her.
三、表?xiàng)l件,可以和條件狀語從句互換。如：
Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.=
If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.
四、表讓步，可以和讓步狀語從句互換。如：
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =
Although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
五、表方式，如：
He earns a living driving a truck.
I’m returning you letter as requested.
六、表伴隨，如：
Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.(考研閱讀真題2014 Text 1)
在這個(gè)句子中，delighted分詞短語作伴隨狀語，表示去求職中心的狀態(tài)。
七、表結(jié)果，分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語在考研英語閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，并作為因果邏輯關(guān)系的考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在題干和選項(xiàng)中，請(qǐng)大家一定要注意非謂語動(dòng)詞短語的這種語法功能。如：
The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. (考研閱讀真題2014 Text 2)
在這句話中，tempting分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示最好的律師掙錢很多這種現(xiàn)象帶來的結(jié)果是引起更多學(xué)生考法律學(xué)校。題干中的問題是A lot of students take up law as their profession due to，即學(xué)生學(xué)法律專業(yè)的原因是什么，這個(gè)問題從上句話中就可以找出答案，是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)的吸引，即選項(xiàng)the attraction of financial rewards。
By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these pands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 1)
在這個(gè)句子中，shaking 分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示品牌綁架時(shí)尚圈的后果。
Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 3)
在這個(gè)句子中，leading分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示科技將治愈人類所有疾病后帶來的結(jié)果。
八.與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格，如
Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 2)
在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，需要注意非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語是其前出現(xiàn)的名詞或名詞短語。Being what it is 的邏輯主語是human nature, 翻譯為人類本性就是這樣。
在考研閱讀中，分詞短語作狀語在句中出現(xiàn)的頻率很大，大家需要注意分辨清分詞短語與主句的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣我們才能更好地理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)而在選擇答案時(shí)能夠做到有的放矢。
