21. The view of Wordsworth about habit is claimed by being _____.
C) mechanical
本題問Wordsworth對habit的觀點，根據人名定位到第一段，“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. 注意Wordsworth話中but后面的內容“習慣支配著不會思考的獸群”，C) mechanical(機械的)可以說是對unreflecting的替換，此外我們還可以從We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.加以推斷，這句話的大意為，習慣是無意識地(mindlessly)、是自動地(auto-pilot)、很放松地進入慣例之中的舒適中(the unconscious comfort of familiar routine)�？忌绻X得這樣的推理比較復雜的話，也可以從第一段中對習慣的描述的詞的褒貶加以判斷。
22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be ___.
D) guided
本題問研究者發(fā)現習慣的形成可以怎么樣？我們定位到第二段So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.第一句說creativity 和innovation 與habit是互不相容的，接著文章用but表示轉折，在這種情況下我們可以推測后面的內容是講creativity 和innovation與habit是相容的，研究者發(fā)現了什么呢？當我們有意識地(consciously)形成新的習慣時，我們甚至能夠創(chuàng)造全新的腦細胞，這能夠使我們的思緒跳躍到新的創(chuàng)新的軌道上(that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks，這句話中that指代create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells)�！笆刮覀兊乃季w跳躍到新的創(chuàng)新的軌道上”不就是guide嗎？
23. "ruts" has closest meaning to___.
A) tracks
本題為詞義推斷題，必須從上下文中加以理解，But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.首先我們由they’re there to stay，知道ruts是一個具體的東西，接著由the new habits create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.我們可以知道ruts與pathways、roads應該是同義替換的，由此選擇A) tracks.
24. Ms. Markova's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ____.
A) prevents new habits from being formed
本題問Markova的評論意味著標準化測試會怎么樣。本題跨度較大，首先必須找到Markova的評論，“But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ … ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
Markova認為我們被教育要學會"決定"，但決定扼殺了所有的可能性，只留下一個答案，一個有創(chuàng)新性的思考者總是考慮許多其他的可能性的。接著我們找到文中關于 標準化測試的描述The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.大意為目前標準化測試只強調了analysis與procedure，這從根本上使得很少有人能夠使用 innovative與collaborative的思維模式。找到了兩個出處，我們就必須找到“Markova的評論”與“標準化測試”的聯(lián)系，到底有什么聯(lián)系呢，我們不難發(fā)現由Markova的評論我們知道標準化測試“從根本上使得很少有人能夠使用 innovative與collaborative的思維模式”，而從第二段的描述中我們知道創(chuàng)新性對于新習慣的形成是至關重要的。因此選擇A) prevents new habits from being formed。
