北京新航道學(xué)校 李傳偉
第二十天：中國式陷阱---閱讀之主次不分
主次不分也是考研閱讀選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)所使用的陷阱之一。這一陷阱主要用于主旨題與其他考查文章主要觀點(diǎn)的題，如段落大意題等。這類題的正確答案可以是本文主要觀點(diǎn)，如主旨題，也可以是段落主要觀點(diǎn)，如段落大意題。干擾選項(xiàng)主次不分，要么把文章中的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主旨，要么把片面的與次要的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)主要觀點(diǎn)。例如，
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.
Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?
[A] They would benefit in certain ways.
[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.
[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.
這道題針對(duì)全文末段，問的是段落大意。詞組silver linings的意思是“黑暗中的一線希望”，在末段指經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣所帶來的某些好處——末段首句說的就是這一意思，而該段其他的句子都在說明這一點(diǎn)。A“許多人將在某些方面獲益”符合此意，為正確答案。B選項(xiàng)談的是末段的細(xì)節(jié)，不符合段落大意題的要求。C“經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛之前總有一個(gè)趨緩時(shí)期”在原文也沒有依據(jù)。D“購買力將會(huì)提高”也是末段第二句所說的細(xì)節(jié)，因此也是干擾選項(xiàng)。
上面的例子涉及段落大意。下面的例子涉及文章主題，但主次不分仍然是干擾選項(xiàng)所使用的陷阱。
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
We can draw a conclusion from the text that.
[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry
本文是一道推理題，涉及文章主題。A選項(xiàng)為正確答案，對(duì)應(yīng)上面的第一段首句。D是上文第二段中的細(xì)節(jié)，而且與原文有出入，因此為干擾選項(xiàng)。
綜上所述，做主旨題或段落大意題時(shí)，需要注意：主次不分，也就是以細(xì)節(jié)為干擾選項(xiàng)是這類題的常見陷阱。
